Volume 5. Issue 6 June, 1983
Microcomputer News
Graphics Issue
The TRS-80 Micro
Color Computer
A Tribute to Columbia
Fort Worth Scene
First we want to thank all those who submitted graphics
programs. We received many more than available space
permits us to publish. When we started looking through the
reader submitted programs, we found— as usual— a dispro-
portionate number of programs for the Color Computer—
especially in Extended Color BASIC. For Model I/III owners,
"Tribute to Columbia" provides very nice graphics and a
tutorial on the Columbia space program. We hoped to re-
ceive at least one or two programs written for the Model II or
III graphics boards, but after searching through the files, we
came up empty handed. We're still waiting for those pro-
grams to arrive.
Although not a graphics program, a Model 11/12 pro-
gram for listing a BASIC program in an attractive format
creates great looking print outs,
ANOTHER NEW COMPUTER
1 983 has been a great year for TRS-80s. We've seen the
introduction of the Models 4, 12. 100. and the Pocket
Computer 4. Still another new computer, the TRS-80 Micro
Color Computer (Model MC-10), is introduced in this issue.
Color, graphics, and BASIC programming capability along
with a very modest price make the MC-10 a great buy for
anyone wanting to own a real computer without making a
major investment. The MC-10 screen was created by a pro-
gram which was written for the Color BASIC Computer, but it
runs on the MC-10 without any modifications.
TO ALL CONTRIBUTORS
When submitting programs for publication, please indi-
cate which machine the program was written for and include
any documentation that might clarify the operation of the
program.
Often we receive media on a S 1 /-*" diskette or a tape with
no indication of which computer the program will run on. We
scratch our heads wondering if it is for the Color Computer,
Model L or Model III.
GARBAGE OUT AIDS POTENTIAL THIEVES
Mr, C. Laurence Gott of Dallas, Texas, a member of a
Neighborhood CrimeWatch group, sent us the following
news item.
The Dallas Police advise purchasers of large appliances
such as stoves, refrigerators, washers, home comput-
ers, and the like to NOT PUT their packing carton on the
curb (or wherever) with the trash to be picked up in the
normal course of garbage collection. This gives obser-
vant looters and others working for black-
marketeers information regarding new major items in
your hoii§e. Rather, take the packing case immediately
to the dump or to a large neighborhood dumpster (with
permission from the owner, of course.)
The January cover of TRS-80 Microcomputer News in-
spired Mr. Gott to send us the above information, and we
publish it in the hope that by making our readers more aware
of potential threats, you will not become a victim. J3
MAGAZINES
Below are five magazines of special interest to TRS-80
owners that we believe have editorial content of high quality
and will be of use to our customers.
80-US {Covers all TRS-80's)
3838 South Warner Street
Tacoma, WA 98409
(206)475-2219
Color Computer Magazine
Highland Hill
Camden. ME 04843
{207)236-9621
Color Computer Weekly
P.O. Box 1355
Boston, MA 02205
Rainbow (Covers the TRS-80 Color Computer)
5803 Timber Ridge Dr.
Prospect KY 40059
{502)228-4492
two/sixteen magazine
P.O. Box 1216
Lancaster, PA 17603
(717)397-3364 J2
The new TRS-80 Micro Color Computer with Radio Shacks 5" color
television is featured on this month's cover.
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
TRS-80 Microcomputer News
Volume 5 1Ilklc ,.„„„ Issue 6
JUNE 1983
TRS-80 Microcomputer News is published monthly
by Radio Shack, a division of Tandy Corporation, One Tandy
Center, Fort Worth, Texas USA. 76102, Copyright 1983 by
Tandy Corporation, One Tandy Center, Fort Worth, Texas
USA, 76102. All rights reserved
Reproduction or use, without express written permission
from Tandy Corporation, of any portion of the Microcomputer
News is prohibited. Permission is specifically granted to individ-
uals to use or reproduce material for their personal, non-
commercial use Reprint permission for all material (other than
Ivan Sygoda's Profile article), with notice of source, is also
specifically granted to non-profit clubs, organizations, educa-
tional institutions, and newsletters.
TRS-80 Microcomputer News is published monthly by
Radio Shack, a division of Tandy Corporation A single six
month subscription is available free to purchasers of new full
size TRS-80 Microcomputer systems with addresses in the
United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and APO or FPO ad-
dresses Certain smaller TRS-80 Microcomputers will not in-
clude this free subscription Subscriptions to other addresses
are not available.
The subscription rate for renewals and other interested
persons with U.S., APO or FPO addresses is twelve dollars
($12.00) per year, check or money order Single copies of the
Microcomputer News may be purchased from Radio Shack
Computer Centers or Computer Departments for $1,50 sug-
gested retail each.
The subscription rate for renewals and other interested
persons with Canadian addresses is Fifteen dollars ($1 5.00) per
year, check or money order in U.S. funds All correspondence
related to subscriptions should be sent to- Microcomputer
News, P.O. Box 2910, Fort Worth, Texas 76113-2910
Retail Prices in this newsletter may vary at individual stores
and dealers The company cannot be liable for pictorial and
typographical inaccuracies
Back issues of Microcomputer News prior to January, 1981
are available through your local Radio Shack store as stock
number 26-2115 (Suggested Retail Price $4 95 for the set)
Back issues of 1981 copies are available as stock number 26-
2240 (Suggested Retail Price $9.95 for the set)
The TRS-80 Newsletter welcomes the receipt of computer
programs, or other material which you would like to make avail-
able to users of TRS-80Microcomputer systems In order for us to
reprint your submission, you must specifically request that your
material be considered for reprinting in the newsletter and pro-
vide no notice that you retain copyrights or other exclusive rights
in the material.. This assures that our readers may be permitted
to recopy and use your material without creating any legal
hassles.
Material for publication should be submitted on magnetic
media (tape, disk, or CompuServe), If you submit material on
tape or disk, and it is accepted for publication, we will send you
two cassettes or diskettes for each one you sent us Cassettes
will come from our box of mixed blank cassettes If you submit
material on CompuServe, and we think we may use the mate-
rial, we will extend your Microcomputer News subscription by
six months for each article accepted If you are submitting
material over CompuServe, please include your name and ad-
dress or your subscription number so we can find you If the
material is very short, send it to us in E-Mail.. If you have more
than a few lines, you need to place the material in the ACCESS
area of CompuServe and then let us know it is there by leaving a
message on E-Mail
Material may be submitted by mail to P.O. Box 2910, Fort
Worth, Texas 76113-2910, or through CompuServe The
Microcomputer News' CompuServe user ID number is
70007,535
Programs published in the Microcomputer News are pro-
vided as is, for your information While we make reasonable
efforts to ensure that the programs we publish here work as
specified, Radio Shack can not assume any liability for the
accuracy either of the programs themselves or of the results
provided by the programs
Further, while Microcomputer News is a product of Radio
Shack, the programs and much of the information published
here are not Radio Shack products, and as such can not be
supported by our Computer Customer Service group If you
have questions about a program in the Microcomputer News,
your first option is to write directly to the author of the program
When possible, we are now including author's addresses to
facilitate communications If the address is not published, or if
you are not happy with the response you get, please write us
here at Microcomputer News We will try (given the limited size
of our staff) to find an answer to your question and, in many
cases, will publish the answer in an up-coming issue of Micro-
computer News
Trademark Credits
CompuServe™ CompuServe, Inc
CP/M® Digital Research
Dow Jones™
NEWS/RETRIEVAL
Service® Dow Jones & Co., Inc.
LDOS™ Logical Systems, Inc.
VisiCalc® VisiCorp, Inc.
XENIX™ Microsoft
Program Pak™ Tandy Corporation
SCRIPSIT™ Tandy Corporation
TRSDOS™ Tandy Corporation
TRS-80® Tandy Corporation
Contents:
Color Computer
The New TRS-80 Micro Color Computer by Linda Miller 16
Programs
Bargraph by Dennis L. Hargens 46
Hydrate by James W. Wood 40
Lettering on the Color Computer by Ronald T Graff 42
SINE/COSINE/TANGENT Graph by Charles Robert Kelly II 43
USA Flag for the Color Computer and MC-10 by Calvin C. Epple 47
Communications Corner by Al and Dm Simon 20
Computer Clubs 39
Computer Customer Service 4
Scripsit Plotter Driver
Data Bases
AgriStar 18
Charting— An Important Electronic Marketing Tool for Agriculture
by Kathryn Frame
CompuServe 27
Telidon, Graphics of the Near Future
Profile 8
At Home With Profile III +
Education
Color PILOT by George Gerhold 25
High Motivation Reading from Radio Shack 14
Fort Worth Scene 2
General Interest
Educational Computer Consortium of Ohio 5
Model I/III/4
Programs
A Tribute to Columbia by Arnold E, van Beverhoudt, Jr 34
Model 11/12
Programs
Document Listing for the Model II by Jean-Pierre Radley 32
Notes on Previous Newsletters 29
July/August 1982
Fireworks
November 1982
Printing Titles
February 1983
Periods to Commas in Data Statements
Variable Swapping
March 1983
Resistor Color Code Interpreter
Pocket Computer
AREAD— The PC-2 Automatic Read by Peter Levy 30
Programs
Greek Flag by N. E. Boulware 31
Magic Square by Robert K. Phelps ' ] 45
Peripherals
The DMP-21 00— Revisited by Annette Zamberlin-Main 6
Programs
Graphic Printouts for the C0C0 and the CGP-1 15 by Howard C. Price .... 43
Grid for the CGP-1 15 by Otis D Sullivan "28
Prices shown in TRS-80 MICROCOMPUTER NEWS are in U.S. Funds.
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
Computer Customer Service
Scripsit Plotter Driver
The Scripsit Plotter Driver package (Catalog no.
26-4536, suggested retail $49.00) is a fast, easy way to use
the Radio Shack Multi-Pen Plotter (Catalog no. 26-1191,
suggested retail $1995.00) to produce colorful, striking
graphics from your Model II, 12, or 16 in a relatively short
period of time. Even if you have never used a graphics
package in the past, you can create professional looking
graphics on your first attempt. The six-pen plotter can be
used to make reports with eye-catching charts and diagrams,
journal articles and professional papers with graphs and
block diagrams built right into the text, overhead transparen-
cies for lectures and sales presentations, and any number of
posters and fliers.
Let's take a look at the features of the Scripsit Plotter
Driver. There are several features that control how your final
document will look. The first of these is Format. Format tells
the plotter that the document will be a vertical or a horizontal
document, in much the same way that the Create New Docu-
ment menu in Scripsit 2.1.0 does. You Format a document by
the use of Scripsit Printer Control Codes. Merely type
(CTRL ) QD (the two keys together, in either capital or lower
case), then the letter " F" for format, followed by either a "V" or
an "H" for Vertical or Horizontal.
The second feature that can affect how your document
will look is Size. Size determines how large your characters
will be. This can vary greatly depending on placement on the
page, format used, and type of usage. For example, you may
want to have one size for text within a diagram, another size
for captions, and yet another size for titles and subheadings.
Keep in mind that the plotter driver can produce an entire
document consisting of text as well as graphics. When you
want to define the text size, type a (Ctrl] QD, then the
letter GD for Size, followed by a number between 1 and 9.
Here is an example of size 1 through 9 text.
/ \
7 6 5
4 3
2 i
Figure 1.
For convenience, the Scripsit Print Control Codes do not
take up any physical space in the document. When you want
to tell the plotter which of the six pen colors to use, type a
CcTrlD CED then a letter CD for Pen, followed by a number
between 1 and 6. The default pen color is 1 (black).
Now that you have defined the basics of your document,
you will want to decide on the types of graphics you want to
produce. You will probably rely on the Tandygraph program
to produce any line graphs, pie charts, or bar graphs for your
business reports and professional papers, but such items as
an organizational chart or a flowchart for time-series analysis
or diagramming a computer program is beyond the Tandy-
graph's ability, and you will have to rely on the features of the
Scripsit Plotter Driver. The plotter driver has two commands
that make it easy for you to get started. The first is Box. Box
lets you define a box of any size and shape wherever you
desire on the page. To define the upper left corner of a box
type ( c t R O QD, then the letter GD, followed by a number
between 1 and 9. Scripsit will only allow you to define up to 9
boxes at one time. You can now fill that box with text, other
boxes, or other graphics. To define the lower right corner of
the box, type (CTRL) QD, then the letter QD again, followed
by the same box number you used to start the box.
The next feature you will want to be familiar with is Line.
Drawing a line is very similar to creating a box. To start a Line,
type a (ctrl) GD, then a letter CED, followed by a number
from 1 to 9. Position this start where you want the line to start
in the document. To end the line, type fCTRD GD, then the
letter QD.followed by the number you used to start the line.
Finally, the last feature you can use to define graphics is
the External Program Mode. With this command you can
access the command language of the plotter and use it to
produce highly customized graphic constructs. The possibili-
ties available with this command would require another arti-
cle. This command can be used to produce a circle. For
example, to send a command to the plotter to plot a circle,
first type in (ctrl) QD, then the letter QD followed by the
command to draw a circle (ECC 200,0). When you are fin-
ished sending commands to the plotter, type ( c t r Q CED,
followed by the letter QD to end the command.
There are some other features that we should mention
before moving on to some simple examples. One is the
Dummy command. The Dummy command allows you to fill
in areas of space to help you line up graphics on the page. To
create dummy space type Cctrl) QQ, then the letter CED,
followed by a number from 1 to 9. Another feature is double-
strike feature. This can come in handy when starting up a dry
pen. Lastly, you can half-space and produce overstrike
characters.
Now for a quick example to show you how easy it is to
produce neat professional looking graphics in no time at all.
First open a document on your Scripsit 2.0 or later diskette,
which has the control codes copied from the Scripsit Plotter
Driver diskette. Don't worry about the format or the line
format, as we will set that once we are in the document.
Set the line format by typing (ctrl) CED and edit the
format line to delete the outline tab. Set the Format of the
document as vertical by typing (ctrl)SD, then CE). a nd
then QD. Set the Size for 2 by typing (ctrl) CKD, then dD,
then GD. Now press (enter) to begin a new line. Type
(ctrl) CXD, CID, CD to start the first box. Type "Set the
format" as the text for the first box, t hen rcTT-TO CED, CID,
CD to end the first box. Now press (entefT ) followed by
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
[ c T R H CD to center the box. Now repeat this process four
more times and add the text "Define the type size" to the
second box and "Define the upper left corner" to the third
jox. Now add the text "Type in your text" to your fourth box,
and finally add "Define the lower right corner" to the last box.
Space down two lines and type a fCTRp GD, (3D, (3D.
Now type the text "How to Create a Flow Chart" and change
the size to 3 by typing fcTRTT ) CXD, GD, (3D, press
Center) and again center the text. Go back and add lines
between the boxes with the Line drawing command
fCTRD QD, CD, n where n is the number of the line.
Bet -the Formal
Def I ne the Type 5 1 zej
Define the upper l eft corne r]
(Tupe I n uour Text!
Beflne the loner" right corner!
How io Create a Flow Chart
Figure 2.
You can see how easy it would be to alter this diagram
with the editing capacities of Scripsit to produce endless
variations, from an organizational chart to a seating diagram
for a class. For some practice, take "Figure 1 " and modify it to
produce a simple BASIC flowchart. Hint: you will need to use
the external program function and the line command to
produce flowcharting symbols.
Scripsit has many features that will allow you to master-
fully come up with graphics on the spur of the moment. You
will want to create sample documents that you can move,
copy, and edit. Use the comment feature of Scripsit to label
sample graphic symbols such as trapezoids and circles. To
make a quick change on a chart, use the global search and
replace feature. If you have used Scripsit User Keys before,
then you know how they can simplify your work. Use them to
call up external program routines for often used graphics
RNNUflL 5RLE5 REPORT
ft!!
■"fcFkj ;
WIDGETS
SPROCKETS
CAMS
symbols. Use the ASCI I convert feature of Scripsit to combine
data from programs like VisiCalc with graphics. The possibili-
ties are limitless.
As you work with the Plotter Driver package, you will see
that the most difficult thing to do is to line up different size
characters on the page. To aid yourself in this, remember to
use the dummy command and you may want to produce a
sheet of different sized characters so that you know how
many it takes to fill a line. This will help with centering and
lining up text of varying sizes.
For more information on producing graphics with your
plotter driver, consult your multi-pen plotter manual, or check
your local library and bookstore for books on graphics. JH
UUUl
tdMU
• *'■*'<.
Computer Customer Service
Address and Phone Numbers
8AM to 5PM Central Time
Computer Customer Services
400 Atrium, One Tandy Center
Fort Worth, Texas 76102
Model I/III/4 Business Group (817)
Model 11/12/16 Business Group (817)
Languages and Compilers (817)
Color/Model 100/Pocket Computer Group (817)
Hardware and Communications Group . . . (817)
Educational Software (817)
Games, Books, and New Products (817)
Newsletter Subscription Problems (817)
390-3939
390-3935
390-3946
390-3944
390-2140
390-3302
390-2133
870-0407
Figure 3.
Educational Computer
Consortium of Ohio
ECCO, the Educational Computer consortium of Ohio, is
now accepting proposals for presentation for its Third Annual
Educational Computer Fair, to be held at Cleveland State
University on Friday and Saturday, October 21 - 22, 1983.
Classroom teachers and those with practical computer edu-
cation experience are encouraged to submit proposals. We
are searching for proposals in all content areas and grade
levels, pre-school through college, for both beginning and
advanced computer educators.
To obtain the brief proposal form, send a request to:
Ellen Richman, Coordinator
ECCO
4777 Farnhurst Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44124 -&
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
The DMP-2100-Revisited
by Annette Zamberlin-Main
Well, it looks like the clandestine days of
hoarding the editor's DMP-2100 are at an end.
(Please see the initial article on the DMP-2100
in our March 1983 issue.) Nevertheless, before
it went out of the office, I was able to become
familiar with a few more of its aspects which I
thought I would pass along to the readers.
The response to the DMP-2100 has been
very favorable. Let's face it, the DMP-2100 is
just a great printer. Since its preview in Feb-
ruary we have read and heard of a great many
positive reactions from the customers about this
new printer. Particularly interesting have been
some of the comments, which have appeared on
various CompuServe SIGs in the past month.
If you haven't guessed it by now, the text
of this article was printed from full size copy
produced using the DMP-2100 and Model III
SuperScripsit 1.1.0's proportional spacing capabi-
lities. Isn't this just wonderful!!
As a point of coffipar ison, this
is a proportional print sample f r om
a DMP-2 00. Proportional characters
add a quality loo i = t o w ord process-
ing documents.
CORRESPONDENCE QUALITY
I am still quite taken with the correspon-
dence quality font of the DMP-2100. I referred
to it in the March article, but since then have
learned a little more about what goes into mak-
ing each element of that great looking font of
type and wish to share that information.
The correspondence quality font is available
in both 10 and 12 CPI (Characters Per Inch). A
comparison has been set up here between two
members in the DMP series: the DMP-200 Corre-
spondence Quality and the DMP-2100 Correspon-
dence Quality. Each are at 10 CPI.
T his is a n e ■■< ample of the Cor-
respondence Quality font from a
DMP -200. It is produced on a 15x8
ma t r i >; at 10 CP 1 .
The DMP-2 00 is a high-density
dot -ma t r i >? Printer which can per-
form a variety of different print-
ing operations. For instance, it
following types of
the
can print
characters:
Standard
Compr essed
Condensed
Proportional
Cor r e s p o n d e n c e
Graphics
This is an example of the Cor-
respondence Quality font from a
DMP-2100. It is produced on a 36x24
ma t r ix at 10 CPI.
The DMP-2100 is a high density
dot-matrix printer which can per-
form a variety of different print-
ing operations. For instance, it
can print the following types of
char ac t er s :
Standard
Condensed
Correspondence
Propor t ional
Graphi cs
As its name implies, a dot-matrix print head
forms its characters through a system of dots in
rows and columns. Because of the increased num-
ber of rows and columns in the DMP-2100's ma-
trix, each character's image is more defined than
that of a character from the DMP-200 set.
The 36x24 dot matrix characters produced
using the 24-wire print head on the DMP-2100
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
truly rival the letter quality printing capabilities
of the Daisy Wheel printers.
GRAPHICS
Since this is our graphics issue, it would be
appropriate here to investigate the graphics ca-
pabilities of the DMP-2100.
In the Graphics Mode of the DMP-2100, you
no longer have pre-defined characters at your
disposal. The responsibility for the positioning
and action of the print head lies with the user.
The DMP-2100 prints two levels of graphics
- a 7 bit, low resolution graphics level and a
high resolution graphics level of printing. (In the
March article, on page 5, two print samples ap-
peared: one labeled "Low Resolution graphics"
and other "High Resolution graphics." Both are
actually examples of low resolution graphics.
Sorry for the confusion.)
The regular, low resolution mode is the stan-
dard Graphics Mode that other Radio Shack prin-
ters such as the DMP-200 are capable of
printing.
The high resolution mode is a special
Graphics Mode that is unique to the DMP-2100.
This mode takes full advantage of the printer's
24-wire print head.
For instance, a DMP-200's regular Graphics
Mode creates a dot every time a wire in the
print head strikes the ribbon. However, a
DMP-200's print wires are much larger than the
print wires in a DMP-2100's print head. For the
DMP-2100 to create a dot that is equal in size
to a DMP-200's dot, the print wires must strike
the ribbon nine times. This creates a 3x3 dot-
matrix that is equal to the single dot on the
DMP-200.
To differentiate between regular and high
resolution dots, we'll call the image created by a
single DMP-2100 print wire striking the ribbon a
"point." Nine points printed in a 3x3 matrix will
create a "dot" which is the same size as the
DMP-200 "dot."
There are 816 addressable dot-columns
across the 13.2x11 inch sheet of paper and 7 "up
and down" addressable dots (dot rows). Which
means, when all is said and done, that you can
specify up to 5,712 individual dots (7x816=5,712)
in each print row, in the low resolution mode.
In high resolution graphics there are 2,448
addressable point-columns "across the paper." And
another 24 "up and down" addressable points
(point rows). This means that there is a grand
total of 58,752 (24x2448=58,752) individual points
which you can specify in a single line running
the width of the 13.2x11 inch sheet of paper.
Now just think about that for awhile. With
the DMP-2100 you can specify up to 58,752 indi-
vidual points per line in high resolution graphics.
Or at 60 lines per page, that's 3,525,120
(60x58,752) addressable points on one page.
The reason the DMP-2100 has this high reso-
lution capability is to support the high resolution
characters such as the correspondence quality
font we examined in an earlier section. It's
going to take a tremendous amount of software
support to utilize the DMP-2100's high resolution
graphics. Right now, there is no commercially
available software that will do this.
If you are into high resolution graphics and
are writing customized software, the DMP-2100
may just be the machine for you!
3.2%
High-Resolution
Graphics
39.1%
20.7%
ONCE MORE WITH THE PARTICULARS
The DMP-2100 (Cat. No. 26-1256), is avail-
able for $1995.00 (suggested retail price) at
Radio Shack Computer Centers and participating
Radio Shack stores.
Radio Shack also offers optional equipment
for the DMP-2100. A Bi-Directional Tractor
(Cat. No. 26-1441) for use with fanfold paper,
labels, and multi-part forms, is available sepa-
rately for $169.95 (suggested retail price).
A single sheet of paper can be manually fed
into the printer. For larger single sheet jobs a
Sheet Feeder (Cat. No. 26-1440) for automatic
paper insertion and stacking is recommended. The
Sheet Feeder is available separately for $995.00
(suggested retail price) at Radio Shack Computer
Centers and participating Radio Shack stores and
dealers. ^
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
Profile
me With Profile III +
The small Computer Company
P.O. Box 2910
Fort Worth, TX 76113-2910
By Ivan Sygoda, Director, Pentacle
Profile III+ section copyright 1983, Ivan Sygoda. All rights reserved.
Since most of these Profile articles have been directed
toward business, I thought it would be a good time to change
gears and illustrate how the program can help you enjoy
leisure activities.
THE STAMP OF APPROVAL
Tens of millions of people collect things: tangible things
like matchbook covers and diamonds, intangible things like
bird sightings and ham radio contacts. Profile III+ is the
perfect computer program to organize and collate the facts
and notations relating to whatever it is you collect.
As an example, we'll set up and use a stamp catalogue
file that includes the kinds of information that any collection
involves— description of items, date and place of acquisition,
price, condition, current value, etc. This exercise will also
serve as a refresher course on defining files, screens, reports,
labels, math formulas, user indexes and user menus. We'll
take advantage of a Profile III+ capability we haven't used
before in these articles— that of automatically extending a
one-segment file over several disks as your file (and collec-
tion) grows.
COLLECTING YOUR THOUGHTS
As you'll see, Profile III + is quite easy to use. The hard
part comes before you sit down in front of the screen. You
must collect your thoughts before anything else. First, think
about the information you want to have on tap about your
collection. Second, consider the most efficient means of en-
tering and storing this information. Third, relax. There's no
reason to be brutally efficient about any of this. After all, it's
your hobby.
In my data base, which I named "STAMPCAT," I wanted
to describe the configuration of each item— every type of
stamp can be collected in a number of configurations such as
single stamps, blocks of four, plate number blocks, first day
covers, coil pairs and coil line pairs, to name some of the
more standard ones. I wanted it to describe the condition of
each item in considerable detail, since philatelists are some-
what fanatical about this aspect of collecting and since condi-
tion has a great effect on price and value.
I wanted my program to keep tabs on the stamp "mar-
ketplace", since stamps can also be an investment. Finally, I
wanted to be able to sort my stamps according to the stan-
dard cataloguing system copyrighted by the Scott Publishing
Company.
NUMBER, PLEASE
This last point proved the trickiest to deal with because of
the way computers sort lists. Scott catalogue numbers are
alphanumeric. Regular postal issues begin with number 1
(the first five-cent U.S. stamp of 1847). Airmail stamps begin
with C1 . Paid reply postal cards begin with UY1 , and so on.
The problem, however, is the suffixes. Over the years, as
research unearthed previously unknown printing varieties,
upper-case letters were added to the catalogue numbers to
wedge these new items into the numbering system. For
instance, there are some varieties of two-cent stamps from
1918-20 numbered 528, 528A and 528B. But lower-case
letters are also used to indicate printing peculiarities. So 528c
is a "double impression" of two-cent type Va, 528A is a
normal impression of two-cent type VI, and 528Ad is a dou-
ble impression of type VI. (Don't laugh— you may be just as
maniacal about subspecies of orioles.) The American Stan-
dard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) sort utility
used by most microcomputers will not order these catalogue
numbers the way the Scott catalogue does. The catalogue
order of these stamps is: 528, 528c, 528A, 528Ad, 528B,
529, but the ASCII sort order is: 528, 528A, 528Ad, 528B,
528c, 529.
The solution is to use two adjacent fields for the cata-
logue number. The first field (6 bytes) contains the main
catalogue number, including any upper-case letter suffix. The
second and following field (1 byte) contains any lower-case
suffix:
Catalogue no Suffix
528
528 c
528A
528A d
528B
529
When I want to sort my records by catalogue number, I
sort on field 1 , but indicate a sort length one greater than my
field length. This way, any printing varieties pertaining to a
main catalogue entry will be listed properly under it.
This procedure also circumvents a feature of Profile III +
that is a convenience in most cases, but which causes prob-
lems in this application: the program ignores upper/lower-
case differences when searching for matches. In the Scott
catalogue system, 528b and 528B are entirely different
stamps. Placing lower-case suffixes in a separate field en-
ables Profile to distinguish between them.
THE FIELDS DEFINED
Figures 1 A-1C list the fields I defined for STAMPCAT. You
may notice that I didn't include a field for country, since all my
stamps are U.S. If you have an international collection, you'll
want to list the country first. When you sort by country, indi-
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
cate a field length seven greater than the country field length:
country + catalogue number (6) + suffix (1). The stamps in
«ach country will be listed in catalogue order.
Figure 1A.
E F I. N E FILES
Field Nurnt
11
:>er
- Fie
Price
Id
He ad ins -
Field
Lennh
7
12
Mint/Used
1
13
Corid:Recto
10
1/1
CondiVerso
10
15
Scott ual
7
16
MKt. ual
7
17
Source
3
18
+/-I
5
19
Last update
8
20
Marker
1
3 ress H -To Hardcopy i ENTER -To Continue H
Figure 1B.
My two-character "Item ID" identifies the configuration of
the item and uses the abbreviations found in many stamp
auction catalogues— "BL" for a block of stamps, "PB" for a
plate number block, "CS" for a coil strip and so forth. Like the
Eskimos with their reputed seventeen names for kinds of
snow, you can establish as many distinctions as you like, as
long as you are consistent in using them. If a plate block is
"PB" one day and "PL" the next, Profile will never be able to
tell you what you want to know when you do an inquiry.
I've allotted two characters to indicate the number of
stamps in each item because I have blocks as large as 25
stamps. Collectors love to count the number of stamps in their
collection. With Profile, I can go one better. I can automatically
multiply the number of stamps by their face value to get a
grand total. The formula to enter into the math table is:
21 =4*6 (the face value is equal to the number of stamps
multiplied by the denomination).
Five spaces are allotted for the stamps' denomination,
because the system' has to cope with values from the .005
Presidential half-cent of 1938 to the $5.00 postage of the
Figure 1C.
$10,000 RD185C stock transfer stamp. (A special notice to
robbers: I do not have the latter stamp, so stay away.)
I chose to use a four-digit year instead of the eight-
character YY/MM/DD because many interesting stamps are
pre-1900. Also, the exact date of issue is unknown for many
early stamps. Field 9 (Color/Variety) is the place I enter notes
on what makes the stamp distinct from others of its type.
Typical entries might refer to color variety, perforation count,
printing process or engraving peculiarity. Under "place of
purchase" I enter my three-character code for the dealer,
auction house or other source. I enjoy designing codes, but if
code designing doesn't thrill you, too, allot additional space
for such alphanumeric entries. But before you do, I should
mention that almost all the information I'm storing about each
item in my collection fits on one 1 32-column report line, so to
me it's worth the extra effort.
Since stamps have a front (recto) and a back (verso), I've
allowed ten characters to describe the condition of each. This
may not seem like a lot of space, but there are many standard
abbreviations one can use. For instance, to grade the ap-
pearance of the back of stamps, you have "og" for original
gum and "Ih" light hinge mark, among others.
Field 15 contains the current Scott catalogue value,
which can be useful in determining the general value of a
collection for insurance and tax purposes. Many collectors
receive sales and auction catalogues along with lists of prices
realized. It's the philatelist's equivalent to reading the stock
market quotes. I can record the latest prices for items resem-
bling my own in field 16.
And since everyone likes to pat themselves on the back
for buying low, selling high and for being generally shrewder
than the next guy, I can let Profile's math package tell me how
many times my stamps have appreciated in value. To do this,
I subtract the original purchase from the current market
value. Then I divide that result by the original purchase price
and multiply by 1 00 to yield a percentage. The math formula
is:
18 = 16-11/11 *"100"l
The "I" placed in the body of the formula forces Profile to
express the result as an integer.
Finally, the "marker" field is the one-character electronic
"dog-ear" through which I can make special notations. For
example, suppose I want to sell some stamps. After I enter an
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
"S" in the marker field, I can easily print a listing of those
stamps I want to sell. I can also use this feature to make an up-
to-date "want list." I enter the stamps I'm interested in ac-
quiring, describe the desired condition, enter a "W" in the
marker field, and print out a list for my local stamp merchant.
It's impressive— he or she will know I mean business,
GETTING PERSONAL
Almost nothing is more personal than a hobby. I don't
pretend for an instant that STAMPCAT will suit most other
stamp collectors. Some don't care what the back of a stamp
looks like. Others collect types of cancellations for which I ' ve
made no provision. Still others sell stamps as often as they
buy them, and will want to record more details about these
transactions. With Profile, you can have it your way. Still,
whatever you collect, if there are catalogues and sales lists
published, examine them for ideas about setting up your own
data base— ways of organizing information, standard abbre-
viations and so forth.
SCREENING YOUR COLLECTION
Scott No,; *1 / Suffix; *2 Year of issue; *5 /
Series; *7 / Denomination; »B /
Item ID code; *3/ Number stamps in item; #4/ Face value ;$!2i /
Color/Variety; *8 / Mint/Used 7 ; *12, ,«=mint t 0,3,
Condition/Recto; *13 / ,x=unusedi 11. s.
Condition/Verso: *14 I ,u=used
Dealer; *9 / Purchase price: .11 / Purchase date; )10 /
Current Scott catalogue value: .15 /
Current estimated market value:. 16 / Source: *17/
Chanse in value over purchase price: !18 II .Marker: *2
Screens: . 1 .Data Entry
Hi
Figure 2A.
Here are two of a hundred possible screen formats for
entering and reviewing my STAM PCAT data fields, Figure 2A
shows the way STAMPCAT/PM1 (Screen format no. 1, my
mM®sm&e&:&lggm
United States Postage Stamps
Record updated B3/01/3C
Scott No.: 332 , Suffix: , Year of issue: 190B,
Series: Mash. -Franklin . Denomination: ,02.
Item ID code: S . Number stamps in item: 1, Face value:* ,02,
Color/Varietv: FP P. 12. dbl, Mint/Used 7 : *, ,,*=niint> o.J,
Condition/Recto: xfi sm cr , ,x=unusedi n.s'.
Condition/Verso: osi nh , ,u=used
Dealer: ZEN, Purchase price: 6.00. Purchase date: 78/11/16,
Current Scott catalogue value: 12,00,
Current estimated market value: 15,00, Source: HAR
ChanSe in value over purchase price: 150,'/, .Marker: U,
data entry screen) looks when I format it from the Creation
menu. I use this screen to enter data. Figure 2B shows the
way it looks during typical use. I often reserve a screen for the
original entry of information into a record.
Once the data is in the file, the data entry prompts
become superfluous, and so I eliminate them from the
screens I work with afterwards. Figures 3A and B show such
a working screen, STAMPCAT/PM2, which I use to enter
and update marketplace information. I use "!" to protect the
information in most of the fields on my screen format no. 2
(figure 3A).
illitjstiiH
Scott No.: !1 /!2 Year of issue: !5 /
Series: !7 / Denomination: !6 /
DESCRIPTION OF ITEM PURCHASE INFORMATION.
. ID: !3/i4/ Mint/Used? !!2 . , Dealer code: !9 /
Marker:*20 Face value;$!21
Screens: 1 Data Entry .2,
Color/Varietv: !f
Condition
---Recto--- ---Oerso-
'13 / !14
/
Purchase price: $!11
. Purchase date: !10
. Current Scott value: $.15
Current market value $,1B
/ Source: *17/ Change*/- !18
Computation 3 Codes
55^3
m^^^i^f^^ ' v »\.' ' - ^ »&* r 3 «/« 1
Figure 3A.
Profile III + lets you access the complete collection of
Model III special characters to make attractive screen lay-
outs. It's easy. At any time during screen creation, press
(SH'iT D and C@j together when the cursor is positioned
where you want a special character to appear on the screen.
The cursor jumps to the two bottom lines, where the special
characters are arrayed. Position the cursor over the desired
character and press CEnXEBD. Presto, you're an artist,
Experiment.
Here's a trick: If you're worried about forgetting the
codes and abbreviations you make a part of your application,
list them all on a screen you can call at the touch of a button.
United States Postage Stamps
Scott No.: 332 . , Year of issue: 1908,
Series; Nash, -Franklin , Denomination: ,02,
Record updated 83/01/30
DESCRIPTION OF ITEM
, ID: S , 1, Mint/Used' *,
, Color/Variety;FP P,12, dbl,,
Condition
. ---Recto Uerso---
sm cr , oil nh
PURCHASE INF0RMATI
, Dealer code: ZEN,
, Purchase price: $ 6,00
, Purchase date: 78/11/16
Current Scott value: t 12,00,
Current market value $ 15,00,
Marker:U, Face value:* ,02, Source: HAR, ChanSe+/- 150,'/,
Screens: 1 Data Entry ,2, Computation 3 Codes
* 1 D-Delete» H-Hardcpy. U-Updte, X-End. ENTER-Next
Figure 3B.
10
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
There's one catch. If you list codes only, you'll get an error
message stating that there are no fields in your format.
So stick a field in the bottom corner of the screen, and Profile
A/ill keep its mouth shut. I used field 2 since it's short, often
void and can be formatted with just one digit. Figure 4A
shows the way STAMPCAT/PM3 (Screen 3) looks when for-
matted. Figure 4B shows the way it looks during use. The
"phantom" field is on the bottom right.
Figure 4A.
REPORTS AND LABELS
1 2 3
Figure 4B.
6
-0-
*
#*# 7
-+*---0 +-
<?
3
-0-
-+-
■+-
-+-
-0-
-+-
-0-
•+-
■t- — u- — +-— D-
T.I.T.LE.-.L.I.N.E.S
UNITED STATES POSTAGE STAMPS
Ivan Sygoda, New York NY
Date; / Page #
H.E.A.O.I.N.G.-.LI.N.E.S
Sort criterion:'? ===Descr ipt ion==== Item Face ========Condit ion======== Purchase Information ======Current value======
Scott no. ====Series===== Oenom =Color/Var.= ID 8 value */u ==Recto=== ==Verso=== OLR ==Date== =Price= =Scott= Market* Scr +/-X
F.I.E.L.0.--.L.I.N.E.S
*1 /»z *7 /*6 /*8 /*3/=4 =21 /*12*13 /*14 M /MO /=li / =15 / =16 /*17/*18 /
Figure 5A,
UNITED STATES POSTAGE STAMPS
Ivan Sygoda, New York NY
Date: Q5/02/83 Page 1
Sort criterium:
Scott no. ====Ser ies== :
===0escription==== Item Face ========Condition===== :
=== Denom =Color/Var.= ID ft value K/u ==Recto=== ==Verso=
Purchase Information ======Current vaiue=======
OLR ==Date== =Price= =Scott= Market= Src +/-X
332
Uash . -Frank 1 in
.02 FP P. 12, dbl S
1
.02 *
xf, sm cr
og, nh
ZEN 78/11/16
6.00
7.50
32.00 HAR
433
334
Uash.-Frankl in
.04 FP, P. 12 dbl S
1
.04 *
xf gem
og, nh
ZEN 78/11/16
75.00
27.50
85.00 HAR
13
335
Uash . -Frank 1 in
.05 FP, P. 12 dbl S
1
.05 *
vf-xf
vlh
ZEN 78/11/16
65.00
40.00
105.00 HAR
62
336
Wash .-Frank 1 in
.06 FP, P. 12 dbl S
1
.06 x
f-vf
nh
SAM 74/06/05
8.00
50.00
120.00 HAR
1400
,17
154.!
125.00 342.1
RECORDS SELECTED 4
Figure 5B.
Figure 5A shows report format 1 (STAMPCAT/PR1) and
figure 5B shows a sample print-out. Figures 6A and B show
STAMPCAT/PR2, which I use as a want list. Figure 7A shows
a possible label format (STAMPCAT/LB1), and 7B illustrates
how it turns out using my printer's proportional-space corre-
spondence-quality font. The labels are great, especially if you
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
11
1
+-
-0-
*
■kick y
8
_+ o + + + + +* +
. T.I.T.L.E.-.L.I.N.E.S .
UNITED STATES POSTAGE STAMPS: WANT LIST
Ivan Sygoda, New York, NY
/ page // /
H.E.A.D.I.N.G.-.L.I.N.E.S
==SC0TT== ==============DESCRIPTION=============== =========C0NDITI0N=========
=Cat.no.= = = ==Series===== Denom Color/Var. ID // */u ===Recto=>== ===Verso===
F.I.E.L.D.-.L.I.N.E.S
*1 /*2 *7 /*6 /*8 /*3/*4 *12 *13 / *14 /
Figure 6A.
UNITED STATES POSTAGE STAMPS: WANT LIST
Ivan Sygoda, New York, NY
05/02/83 page 1
==SC0TT==
=Cat .no . =
====Series====
332
Wash . -Frankl in
334
Wash . -Frankl in
335
Wash. -Franklin
336
Wash . -Frankl in
DESCRIPTION========
= Denom Color/Var.
ID //
02 FP P. 12, dbl S
04 FP, P. 12 dbl S
05 FP, P. 12 dbl S
06 FP, P. 12 dbl S
7u =
====C0NDITI0N = = = = = = = =- =
= : =Recto== !s ===Verso== B
1
*
xf , sm
ci-
og.
nh
1
*
xf gem
°g»
nh
1
k
vf-xf
vlh
1
A
f-vf
nh
RECORDS SELECTED
Figure 6B.
like to make your own album instead of placing your stamps
in someone else's squares. Note: If you want to use propor-
tional spacing, you have to format "one-wide" labels be-
cause the left margin of the right hand columns of labels will
be ragged. Print half, then turn the sheet of labels upside
down and feed them in this way.
Figure 7A.
Scott no, 332 Year of issue*. 1908
Series? Wasfn-Franklin Var? FP F»12, dbl
Dealer? ZEN Date of purchase? 78/11/16
ConoVRecto? xf, sm or Verso? og, nh
Scott no* 334 Year of issue? 1908
Series? Wasfu-Franklin Var? FP, P42 dbl
Dealer? ZEN Date of purchase? 78/11/16
Cond ♦/Recto? xf gem Verso? og, nh
Scott no* 335 Year of issue? 1908
Series? Wash*-Franklin Var? FP, P.12 dbl
Dealer? ZEN Date of purchase? 78/1 1/16
Cond*/Recto? vf-xf Verso? vlh
Scott no, 336 Year of issue? 1908
Series? Wash*-Franklin Var? FP, F.12 dbl
Dealer? SAM Date of purchase? 74/06/05
Cond,/Recto? f-vf Verso? nh
Figure 7B.
12
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
USING AN INDEX
When you first enter data in your file, accessing it is
reasonably quick and efficient. You probably don't have
nany records. The ones you do have are most likely in the
order of your original manual filing system. You have only a
few (if any) deletions. All this helps to facilitate the speed with
which Profile searches through your records to find those you
want. Calling a record by its record number is the fastest way
to get to it, but unless you have an amazing memory, you
probably don't remember which number goes with which
item in your file. You could always print a report that includes
the record number of each of your records, using the record
numbers as a "home-brew" cataloguing system for your
collection. But then you would need to keep that report handy
all the time if you want Profile to find a particular item in your
file as quickly as possible. Since this is rather inconvenient,
Profile lets you set up an index to speed things up. If you have
a ready-made cataloguing system, like that of the Scott cata-
logue for stamp collectors, you can set up an index based on
it, which will be a big help in finding items in your file.
Whenever I want to see one of my stamps, I enter its Scott
catalogue number, not its record number.
Here's a schematic illustration of how an index works. My
records might originally have been entered in the following
(random) order:
Rec.no Cat.no Suffix
1 C15
2 1619 a
3 100A
4 C2
5 20 a
I need to put this file in catalogue number order, so I sort
by field 1 (length = 7). Profile III + constructs an inquiry index
called STAMPCAT/IX1 which looks something like this:
Cat.no Suffix Rec. No.
20 a 5
100A 3
619 a 2
C2 4
C15 1
This index file takes up very little room on the disk. Each
record in it is only 1 bytes long (the sort field length of 7 plus
3 bytes for housekeeping, i.e., the "pointer") as opposed to
the 1 23 bytes for the full record. Since the index is in the order
I want to access my files, it finds records fast. And it's there
waiting for me whenever I turn on the system and enter
STAMPCAT. However, there's one catch: Whenever I add or
delete records, I have to rebuild this index so that it will
incorporate the changes. As we'll see below, Profile can be
set up to accomplish this automatically.
BUILDING AN INDEX
Build Index is selection 2 on the Profile Runtime menu. It
only takes a few keystrokes to build an index. Make a note of
each one, because you'll need to enter them in the BUILD file
which automates the procedure. Following are the prompts I
encounter and the responses I should enter to build my
catalogue number index:
PROMPT RESPONSE
Enter Length For Sorting or
Press ENTER for Length of Field
Capacity 3756 Records
Enter Selection Field Number or
Press ENTER to Select All Records
Enter File Name
Enter Field Number to Sort
STAMPCAT1
1
(~E N TTR j
The program then tells me how many records
were selected and returns me to the Runtime menu. When I
examine the DIRectory, I find that Profile has now created
STAMPCAT/IX1 with a "Logical Record Length" of 10. Also,
there is a new prompt for Inquire, Update, Add. Passing over
"Enter Record Number" by pressing fE n t e fT j, I find: "In-
dex by: Cat#" with the cursor blinking for a response. "Cat#"
is the heading I used for field 1 when I defined files. Pressing
fElTTERl again calls up the sort and select options. There
are two ways to answer the index prompt. I can enter a
specific catalogue number, in which case the program
searches for it in the new index and then displays that record
on the screen. Or I can enter the "wild card" symbol,
This brings the first or lowest catalogue number to the screen.
(Technically, Profile fetches the first "logical" record as op-
posed to the first "physical" record.) I can then use the up
and down arrows to examine my records in catalogue num-
ber order.
AUTOMATION
Since the index must be rebuilt every time you add or
delete records, it's convenient to do this with just one key-
stroke from a user menu. The process involves BUILDing a
DO file that then becomes a menu choice. From TRSDOS
Ready, I type "BUILD REBUILD," since I decided to call my
DO file "REBUILD." In response to the prompt, I enter "EFC8
(STAMPCAT, 1, Rebuild CatalogueNumber Index)."
"EFC8/CMD" is the Profile Runtime program which
builds the index, "STAMPCAT" is the file name. "1" refers to a
screen, and, though it's irrelevant here, it's important for other-
operations, and so it is part of the format. "Rebuild Catalog
Number appears on the screen when Profile executes
REBUILD. TRSDOS again prompts for an entry, so I enter
"1," the response to "Field Number to Sort By." The next
entry is "7," the desired sort field length. The final entry is
simply QEntjOD, because I wish to "Select All Records." I
press (breakI to complete the process. When I now exam-
ine the DIRectory, I find REBUILD/BLD and notice that it
occupies one gran. To test the new BUILD file, I enter "DO
REBUILD" at TRSDOS Ready.
USER FRIENDLIER
The final touch is the creation of a customized user
menu. With a little bit of planning, you can partially or com-
pletely automate the procedures you use most often. I call my
menu STAMPCAT, which the directory lists as STAMPCAT/
CMD. Figure 8 shows how my menu creation screen looks
when I finish defining my choices. Selection 7 is the BUILD file
we just created to rebuild my catalogue number index. Selec-
tion 2 takes me right up to the "Enter Record Number"
prompt in Inquire, Update, Add. Selection 1 calls
ADDSTAMP/BLD, which displays the first blank record on
the screen, ready to accept a new stamp.
ALLSCAN/BLD calls screen 2 and enters the wild card
symbol " = " in answer to the Cat# prompt. Finally, selection 8
takes me back to the Profile Runtime menu (RM). (Keep in
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
13
I* Add a stamp to the collection
DO ADDSTAMP
2. See a particular stamp
EFC9 (STAMPCAT,2,See a particular stamp)
3. Scan the entire collection
DO ALLSCAN
i> Print collection report
EFC8 AISTAMPCftTil. Print collection report)
5. Print want list
EFC8 A(STAHPCATf2 .Print want list)
G. Print album labels
EFCB 6ISTAMPCAT.1, Print album labels)
7. Rebuild catalogue number index
DO REBUILD
8. Call Profile III+ Runtime menu
RH
Figure 8.
mind that indexing adds another ( enter) to a "Scan Re-
cords" or "Add Records" entry into the file.)
IT JUST GROWS, LIKE TOPSY
I said at the beginning that STAMPCAT takes advantage
of a special Profile capability. When my collection grows to
the point that this one-segment-only file completely fills the
available space on my Runtime diskette, the segment auto-
matically jumps to the formatted data diskette I have waiting
for it in the next drive. And when that drive is filled, it extends
to drive 2, and then, finally, drive 3. STAMPCAT/KX1 , KX2,
and KX3 are the results of this utility. Rather neat, eh? All I
need is enough stamps. Happy collecting!
COMING ATTRACTIONS
Next month we'll discuss how to access your Profile data
files from BASIC. We've received many inquiries on that
subject. In future issues we'll introduce the fantastic Hard
Disk version of Profile III + (26-1 593), which should be avail-
able about the time you read this. This enhanced Profile
incorporates the advanced sort and select features Model II
users know as Prosort. Then we'll examine the ways your
Profile data bases can interface with Scripsit and VisiCalc. Let
us know if there's anything else you'd like to read about. If you
use Profile in novel applications or would like to share tricks
and techniques you may have discovered, please write and
describe them to us. You, too, can be in print.
PROFILE Editor's Note: This is Mr. Sygoda's eighth arti-
cle in a series of 'how-to ' Profile III + articles. Other articles in
the series will be published over the next few issues in this
column. We hope that you enjoy this feature, and we look
forward to your comments and questions on Profile III + .
Pentacle is a New York City-based non-profit service
organization specializing in administrative services for per-
forming art groups. ^H
High Motivation
from Radio Sha<
eaciing
Radio Shack's High Motivation Reading Series pack-
ages, available in Model III and Model I versions, help build
reading skills at the critical fourth through sixth grade reading
levels. The series is designed for classroom use as a supple-
ment to the regular reading curriculum. The motivational
design of each package makes HMRS ideal for enrichment
and/or remedial use with students at a wide range of grade
levels.
Each HMRS package contains four illustrated-format
reading books, one read-along audio cassette tape, and a
diskette with reading comprehension activities to be com-
pleted at the computer. Additional activities are in the teach-
er's manual for each package. Model III versions of HMRS
also include repeatable spelling and vocabulary exercises on
the activities diskette. To use the HMRS packages, you also
need the Model III or Model I version of TRS-80
MicroPILOT™ (Cat. No. 26-2718 or 26-2205).
HMRS packages currently available for the TRS-80
Model III 32K disk system are: The Hound of the Basker-
villes, Dracula, Moby Dick, The Beatles, Charles Lindbergh/
Amelia Earhart (the Lindbergh/Earhart package contains two
activities diskettes), and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. The
same titles are available for a 32K Model II disk system with
lower-case driver, although quantities available may be lim-
ited. Dracula and Moby Dick are currently available for the
Model I 32K disk system with lower-case driver.
The reading book in each package condenses the clas-
sic story (or the biography), retelling it in words appropriate to
the reading level. The illustrated format of the books helps
make the stories accessible, and makes the reading process
less threatening and more enjoyable. HMRS helps students
build reading skills while gaining exposure to stories they
14
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
might not otherwise read, or might not read until they were
much older. Once they have enjoyed the HMRS version of a
book like Moby Dick or The Hound of the Baskervilles, stu-
dents may well want to tackle the original!
The exercises on diskette vary from title to title, but let's
take a look at a typical set from Moby Dick. Both the Model III
and Model I versions of Moby Dick have three sets of reading
comprehension exercises: "Words to Know and Use," "How
Well Did You Read?," and "Choose the Proper Meaning."
"Words to Know and Use" presents a list of words and
defines the words as they are used in the story. Then, the
student is given a series of sentences and is asked to fill in the
blank with the correct word.
When the student responds correctly to an HMRS exer-
cise, he or she sees a positive feedback message and then
gets another sentence. For an incorrect response, the stu-
dent is prompted to try again. A new sentence isn't presented
until the student enters the correct response. At the end of
each program, the student's score on the activity is dis-
played. (An optional HMRS Student Records System is also
available separately in Model III and Model I versions for
teachers who want to save HMRS student scores on disk-
ette.) "How Well Did You Read?" tests the student's reading
comprehension and recall of details by asking questions like
this;
:Siiii«^i^S3^N^^3*iffl
"Choosing the Proper Meaning" asks the student to tell
what meaning of a word is used in each of a set of sentences.
The exercise below is from a sequence that presents several
sentences using "SOUND" and requires the student to
choose a different definition of "SOUND" for each sentence.
mm
kH
The Model III version of Moby Dick also has Spelling and
Vocabulary exercises that emphasize words used in the
story. Spelling exercises display a sentence, highlight a word
in the sentence, and then make the highlighted word disap-
pear. To work the exercise, the student types the correct
spelling of the word that disappeared. In the Vocabulary
exercises, a word and a list of definition choices are displayed
on the screen. The student then types the letter that identifies
the correct definition.
IP
Bra*
'sSisi
m%
»ii
mm
m
HMRS programs can be used with students at a wide
variety of grade levels and skill levels. Students who are
reading below grade level should find the illustrated format of
the readers and the dramatic presentation of the story on
audio tape to be aids in increasing comprehension and vo-
cabulary skills. The series may provide younger students
reading above grade level with an added challenge, and may
(Continued on page 17)
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
15
Color Computer
The New TRS-80 Mi
Computer
Color
by Linda Miller
The TRS-80 Micro Color Computer Model MC-10 offers
graphics capability and BASIC programming in a compact,
inexpensive unit. Some outstanding features of the MC-10
are:
• A keyboard with keys that move when pressed. This is
not a membrane keyboard.
• A built-in RS-232 serial port for communications or for
connecting other serial devices such as serial printers
or plotters.
• Keyword input using two simple keystrokes.
• Low resolution graphics in a 64x32 matrix.
• Sound. Create your own music or sound effects.
• Microsoft Color BASIC
The MC-10 is approximately 8V2" wide by 7" deep by
2" high. It has 48 keys and can be connected to a TV
(preferably color) via its own antenna switch. A power supply
and a well written, easy to understand manual are also sup-
plied with the Micro Color Computer. The suggested retail
price for the computer is $1 19.95.
THE KEYBOARD
The MC-10 has a "QWERTY" keyboard with keys that
move (travel) when pressed. Above thirty-seven of the keys
are familiar BASIC words and functions. Many keys have two
characters on the key cap much like a typewriter keyboard.
Graphic characters are located on the alphabetic keys Q, W,
E, R, T, Y, A, S, D, F, G, Z, X, C, or V. The second characters
which appear above or to the right side of the primary charac-
ter are created by pressing fSHiFT) and the character key.
To create the graphic character on the A key, press
|E23ZE1
MICRO COUOB COMPUTE!
and the graphic character jj appears on
Cs h 1 f n f A
the screen.
Above other keys are commands (L. DEL, arrow keys)
and BASIC words. The commands and BASIC words can be
duplicated by pressing the (contrq lI key and the key
below the de sired word. To enter RESTORE from the key-
board, press C CONTROL P CS and RESTORE appears on
the screen. Keyword input in this manner makes for faster
program entry.
Special instructions are located on the Q.A.W, S, and
Z keys. (controlP CB is the backspace instruction;
CcoTTTFoTD CSD deletes the entire current program line,
Cc o n t r ojj [W) generates an up arrow which is the ex-
ponentiation operator, and (contr oTD GO, GD, and
CC.ON troTD GD CD are reserved for special purposes.
C5H 1 ft] CQD toggles the computer back and forth
between upper and lower case. The lower case characters
appear as reverse-video, upper-case characters on the
screen but print on paper in lower case.
THE MC-10 HAS CONNECTIONS AND MEMORY
On the back of the MC-10 are a cassette recorder con-
nector, a slot for future memory expansion kits, a RESET
button, and an RS-232 connector so the MC-1 can be used
with serial devices including modems and Radio Shack's
serial printers or plotters.
The MC-10 can store over 3K bytes in RAM for user
access at a single time. When the power is turned off, the
memory is erased. For permanent storage, programs and
data must be written to cassette tape.
ERROR MESSAGES
The MC-10 displays a full range of error messages-
in all — in response to programming mistakes.
■19
ADD A LITTLE COLOR TO YOUR LIFE
There are nine distinct colors that can be generated with
the MC-10.
Color
Code
Black
Green
1
Yellow
2
Blue
3
Red
4
Buff
5
Cyan
6
Magenta
7
Orange
8
Each of the 1 6 graphic characters may be displayed with
a different background color. When (control) QD is
pressed, the cursor changes colors, and the new color be-
16
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
comes the background color for the next graphic character.
Printing CHR$ (1 28) through 255 will display the 1 6 character
-iraphic characters in all eight possible colors. Graphic
naracters can also be entered directly from the keyboard.
Pressing rsTTTTT^ and the key with the selected graphic
character, displays the character on the screen. In program
lines, the graphic character is enclosed in quotation marks.
10 PRINT" s "
DO I HEAR MUSIC?
The Micro Color Computer is able to control and pro-
gram the sound which comes from the TV's speaker. Volume
is adjusted on the TV, and pitch and duration are controlled
with the BASIC SOUND statement:
SOUND pitch-code, duration fENTERl
Pitch-code can be any number from 1 to 255 with 1 being the
lowest and 255 the highest pitch. Duration is any number
from 1 to 255, and duration is specified in units of .06 sec-
onds. SOUND 39,1 produces middle-C for .6 of a second.
ARRAYS
The MC-10 supports both single and double dimen-
sioned arrays. Arrays that have more than 1 elements need
to be dimensioned using the DIM statement.
USING A CASSETTE
The cassette baud rate is 1 500. This is a transfer rate of
approximately 190 characters per second or 1 1 ,000 charac-
ters per minute.
Programs can be saved to (CSAVE) or loaded from
[CLOAD) cassette. The contents of an array are saved to
cassette using CSAVE* and loaded back into memory from
cassette using CLOAD*.
SKIPF searches for a program previously saved to tape.
THE MC-10 AS A CALCULATOR
Like other computers, the MC-10 can be used as a
number cruncher. Itadds( + ), subtracts (-), multiplies (x),
and divides (/) and performs mathematic functions.
RELATIONAL AND LOGICAL OPERATORS
The relational operators are:
Operator
>
<
< >
< =
> =
Function
Is greater than
Is less than
Is equal to
Is not equal to
Is less than or equal to
Is greater than or equal to
Logical operators test values to see if they are true (on) or
false (off). The logical operators AND, OR, and NOT can be
used in conjunction with IF . . . THEN to perform true/false
tests.
STRING AND NUMERIC VARIABLES
The MC-1 handles two types of variables: numeric and
string. Numeric variables are designated by any two charac-
ter combination as long as the first character is a letter and the
second character is a letter or a number.
String variables are formed the same way as numeric
variables with the addition of a dollar ($) sign to indicate a
string variable. String variables can be added (concatenated)
together as in the example below.
NAME$ = FIRST$ + MIDDLE$ + LAST$.
THE MICRO COLOR BASIC DIALECT
BASIC IN
THE MICRO COLOR COMPUTER
ABS
IF/THEN
PRINT TAB
ASC
INKEYS
PRINT©
ATN
INPUT
READ
CHR$( )
LEFTS
REM
CLEAR
LEN
RESET
CLOAD
LET
RESTORE
CLOAD"
LIST
RIGHTS
CLS
LLIST
RND
CONT
LOG
RUN
cos
LPRINT
SET
CSAVE
MEM
SGN
CSAVE '
MIDS
SIN
DATA
NEW
SKIPF
DIM
ON/GOSUB/RETURN
SOUND
END
ON/GOTO
SQR
EXP
PEEK
STOP
FOR/TO/STEP NEXT
POINT
STRS
GOSUB/RETURN
POKEt
TAN
GOTO
PRINT
VAL
fPOKE may be used for addresses in video RAM only.
YOU SAY YOU WANT FRIENDLY?
The Micro Color Computer (Model MC-10) has color,
graphics, sound, a real keyboard— in short, a lot for its re-
markably low price. The combination of affordability, power,
and easily understood documentation make this unique com-
puter friendly to all including the first time user. <M
HMRS
(From page 15)
result in an increased enjoyment of reading. Older students
who do not enjoy reading can become involved in the read-
ing process through the motivational format, and develop an
interest in, and positive attitude toward, reading. For students
reading at grade level, this series provides an exciting and
different way to sharpen reading skills.
Radio Shack's HMRS packages are available from your
local Radio Shack store or Computer Center, ON SALE
THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30, 1983. Model III versions are
sale priced at $41 .97 each (reg. $69.95), except for Charles
Lindbergh/Amelia Earhart, which is sale priced at $44.97
(reg. $74.95). The Model I packages are sale priced at
$23.98 (regularly $59.95) with Charles Lindbergh/Amelia
Earhart at $25.98 (regularly $64.95), The optional HMRS
Student Records System for Model III (26-2521 ) is on sale for
$1 7.97; sale price for the Model I version (26-2508) is $9.98.
Sale prices are suggested and may vary at individual stores
and dealers. TRS-80 MicroPILOT, which is required to run
HMRS programs, is itself a complete command-oriented
courseware authoring system that you can use to create your
own computer assisted instruction programs. Model III
MicroPILOT (Cat. No. 26-2718) is on sale for $71.97 (regu-
larly $119.95). The Model I version (Cat. No. 26-2205) is on
sale for $39.98 (regularly $99.95). For more information on
how you can use the High Motivation Reading Series, contact
your local Radio Shack Store or Computer Center, or contact
the Radio Shack Regional Educational Coordinator for
your area. J&
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
17
AgriStar
Charting— An Important Electronic
Marketing Tool for Agriculture
by Kathryn Frame
Charts— a visual picture of exactly what is happening in
the agricultural marketplace— are now available to farmers,
ranchers, ag bankers and agribusinessmen via Agri-Star,
America's Agricultural Information and Computing Network.
This new electronic marketing tool can aid those in agri-
culture to predict future price trends of crops and livestock.
This, in turn, can improve the timing of sales and purchases,
so important to a profitable business.
John Hoist, a Center Junction, Iowa, farmer, uses bar
charts and moving average charts to determine his market-
ing decision— when to buy and when to sell corn and soy-
beans.
The Agricultural Services Department of Marine First
National Bank, Janesville, Wisconsin, pulls charts on a
weekly basis to advise its customers as to when to buy and/or
sell their crops and livestock. According to James E. Atchin-
son, Assistant Vice President, charts pulled on a weekly basis
by the department include corn, soybean, fat cattle and
hogs.
Once a microcomputer or data terminal, a modem, and
a printer have been added to the list of hardware, an agricul-
tural businessman should have to insure a maximum profit
from his product, Agri-Star can provide:
• Information at much less cost than printed
market advisory services.
• Only the information desired, eliminating
hours of research and reading time;
• Information continuously updated
24-hours-a-day through AgriScan— a service
of Agri-Star's continuously updated
agricultural business information analysis
and recommendations.
• In'addition to charts, AgriScan also offers
business: markets, prices, finance, weather,
market analysis, market advisories, and
news.
• Codefile— an economical and time-saving
function which allows a user to build an
online file of up to 10 report access code
numbers he regularly uses. And, the user can
store as many codefiles as he needs.
These access codes are then stored in the
Agri-Star computer for use anytime he wants
to connect to Agri-Star.
• Rapid use of a printer, and, thus low
connect time, is also possible, with the
use of a RUN function in tandem with the
codefile function.
WHAT CHARTS ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ON
AGRI-STAR'S AGRISCAN?
There are five types of charts on AgriScan for use in
analyzing market trends and changes in price direction:
• Buy/Sell Decisions: Bar Charts
• Spot Trends: Moving Averages
• Overbought/Oversold: Relative Strength Index
• Measure of Trading Activity: Volume Charts
• Market Change: Open Interest
• Spot Signals: Point and Figure (to be
available in the near future)
Commodities charted on AgriScan include: corn, T-Bills,
wheat, soybeans, soymeal, cotton, feeder cattle, live cattle,
hogs, and pork bellies.
Both Top Farmer Current Charts (TFC) and Top Farmer
Historical (TFH) are available for each of the five charts.
TOP FARMER CURRENT CHARTS (TFC):
Using Agri-Star's keyword search ability, the chart of
current market activity desired can be obtained by typing in
the information desired. This will yield a menu of Top Farmer
Current (TFC) charts. The charts pulled up on the screen will
be those of current market activity. The computer will then
assemble a menu of charts covering the most recent two
months of trading activity for any particular chart type and
contract month chosen.
The menu seen will show all charts available for that chart
type and contract month, listed by the contract months cov-
ered in the AgriScan charting service.
(Once the chart access code is entered, the printer will
produce a continuous printout of the chart displayed with the
Y axis shown horizontally, and the X axis shown vertically. This
orientation is exactly the opposite of how the X and Y axes
normally appear and has been adopted for AgriScan charts
in order to accommodate the 80-character limitation of the
majority of printers. Once the chart copy is printed and turned
on its side, a complete chart showing the latest two months
trading for the commodity and contract being tracked is
ready for analysis.)
If " background" chart activity on a particular TFC chart is
desired, a chart of previous market activity can be obtained
by accessing the Top Farmer Historical (TFH) charts in
AgriStar.
TOP FARMER HISTORICAL CHARTS:
"TFH" charts cover market activity for all contracts and *
all chart types represented in TFC charts, but with one major
difference: TFH charts in AgriScan end where TFC charts
18
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
begin. That is, TFH charts cover a maximum of 1 6 months of
market activity, counting backwards in time from week one of
l he currently recorded TFC chart.
BUY/SELL DECISIONS: BAR CHARTS:
Bar charts in Agri-Star give a graphic representation of
each day's trading activity for a specific commodity and
contract month. The "picture" that bar charts give of price
movements can be used to anticipate future market trends
and changes in price direction.
These charts are: updated each day shortly after the
markets close; are plotted from the daily high, low, and
closing prices of a specific commodity contract; and are
plotted Monday through Friday only, with holidays left blank.
By use of technical bar chart analysis, current short and
long term trends can be determined. Once this determination
is made, major marketing decisions can be made— when the
major trend is up, there would be little reason to rush sales of
farm products (unless a reasonable profit can be locked in,
and, by doing so, avoiding future price risk). When the major
trend shifts downward, forward pricing is usually immediately
available.
In following trends indicated by the consistent use of bar
charts in conjunction with the information surrounding the
Payment-In-Kind (PIK) program, the Agricultural Services
Department of the Marine First National Bank in Janesville,
has advised its customers to stay out of the market until it
levels off, according to James Atchinson.
Iowa farmer, John Hoist, indicates that weekly charts
give him a true indication of what the pricing trend will be and
confirm to him what the daily charts have been telling him.
SPOT TRENDS: MOVING AVERAGES CHARTS:
The moving average chart plots two or more averaged
figures over a given period of time. These charts plot 4-day,
9-day, and 18-day moving averages.
With the information obtained from these charts, a deter-
mination can be made as to whether buying pressure is
consistently stronger than selling pressure, or vice versa-
selling pressure is stronger than buying pressure, and, thus,
which way the major trends are pointed,
OVERBOUGHT/OVERSOLD: RELATIVE STRENGTH
INDEX CHARTS:
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) chart is used to indi-
cate when markets become overbought or oversold. This
index will often accurately indicate when markets are turning
either up or down, or giving an entry or exit signal. But, it will
not provide any indication of when to reverse any previously
taken position. It is, therefore, best used as a tool in combina-
tion with other technical trading systems and with fundamen-
tal information.
MEASURE OF TRADING ACTIVITY: VOLUME CHARTS:
This barometer of trading activity shows the number of
trades in all futures contracts for any particular commodity on
a given day. As a barometer of trading activity and an indica-
tion of the type of buying, volume charts, combined with
open interest and bar charts, often show changes in market
conditions which are not necessarily connected with appar-
ent developments in supply and demand of the cash com-
modity. Thus, volume is important to watch, because
changes in volume are often associated with price changes in
the same direction. For example, a gradual increase in vol-
ume during an uptrend suggests a further price rise,
whereas, a rapidly accelerating volume following a substan-
tial upward price movement often signals a major top and a
possible price reversal.
Charts in Agri-Star for volume of trading are drawn per
commodity not per contract, as most other charts are.
MARKET CHANGES: OPEN INTEREST:
As a barometer of trading activity, and an indication of
the type of buying, open interest often can show changes in
market conditions which are not necessarily connected with
apparent developments in supply and demand of the cash
commodity. For example, new export business may be re-
flected in futures markets before it is publicly announced,
because it results in increased open interest. This is caused
by commercial exporters buying futures contracts of the
commodity they are going to export to protect themselves
against price increases.
Open Interest charts in Agri-Star are drawn per com-
modity, not per contract, as most other charts are.
SPOT SIGNALS: POINT & FIGURE CHARTS:
(To be added in the near future). A point and figure chart
gives a clear indication of when the market is making either-
higher highs or lower lows. Thus, the confirmation of a
downtrend, for example, would provide a signal to the
hedger to either sell the cash commodity or to get short in the
futures market, or both.
Unlike bar charts, however, the point and figure charts
signal specific price points for buying and selling the com-
modity being charted.
KNOWING WHAT CHARTS ARE AVAILABLE ON
AGRISCAN
Help screens for Top Farmer Charts (TFC) and Top
Farmer Historical Charts (TFH) are available under the
AgriScan Help Menu, with the general heading: "Using Tech-
nical Charting Tools. .HELP1 2." A "submenu," specific to the
different types of Agri-Star charts, will appear as part of this
help screen.
(Continued on page 30)
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983 19
Communication
Communications Corner
by Al and Dru Simon
Hello and welcome back to Communications Corner.
Last month we discussed the details and functions of each
part of the RS-232-C connector, hopefully, learning "Every-
thing we wanted to know about RS-232-C but were afraid to
ask." As a follow-up to what we have discussed, this month's
column might be appropriately entitled, "Well, Now That I
Know All That, What Good Does It Do Me?" In response to
that question— "A Lot!" Let's talk about it.
Once you have learned what the functions of the pins are
(as described last month) and you have learned how to
control them (as we'll describe this month), you will be able to
interface just about any piece of equipment to any other piece
of equipment. As an example, one of my customers had a
problem because they wanted the information contained on
their micros put onto their mainframe. This was no easy task,
because they had Apple lis, Apple Ills, Wang Word Proces-
sors, a Burroughs mainframe, and Radio Shack Model 1s
and Model 2s. The Apple representative said "It can't be
done." The Burroughs man said "Can't do it!" I said "Why
not?" I stepped in, and, as a result, my customer now enjoys
full communications between all his equipment! You only
have 25 pins! Once you know how to control those 25 pins
there is NO serial device that you can't interface to any other
serial device!
The object of the column this month is to teach you how
to make up special cables to connect two odd pieces of
equipment to each other where no off-the-shelf cable is avail-
able. You will learn a little bit about cable theory, and you will
definitely learn how to connect your computer to that serial
peripheral that you just bought. It is all very simple because
the theory behind it is as obvious and clear as a sunny day!
As an example of some of the peripherals that you might
be interested in interfacing, let me rattle off a short list:
Modems, Scanners, Printers, Terminals, and so forth. The
RS-232-C can also be used as a simple device control.
One of the first things you should know about RS-232-C
is the fact that it's a PORT, and that differs from a memory
address in the following manner: A memory address is a
location which is contained in RAM (Random Access Mem-
ory) and can be addressed or read, and data can be stored in
it. A port is simply a hard-wired device for passing information
in or out. It is not addressable in the same manner that
memory is in that you cannot store anything in a port location.
You can send data out a port or read a port, but you cannot
store anything in a port.
TO CONNECT TWO COMPUTERS TOGETHER
Let's get down to the business at hand. Now that we
know what all the parts of our connector do, what interesting
and useful things can we do with it? Let's start with the
basics— the easiest of all applications for an RS-232-C would
be as an interconnecting cable to connect two computers
together. I am often asked how this can be done. Let's say
that you have a Model 16 and a Model 3, and you want to
move some programs from one to the other without going
over telephone lines. It does seem rather strange to have to
phone the computer in your living room from the computer in
your bedroom! Sounds more like something your teenager
might do— and you need to get those games onto the other
computer so your teenager will leave your computer alone!
The easiest way to accomplish the transfer of programs
would be for you to make up a cable which will allow you to
connect the two machines together so that you will need no
modem at all. This type of cable is cryptically called a Modem
Eliminator. (Oh, this computer terminology can be complex
and mysterious sometimes, can't it?)
The job of creating this cable can be done very easily. If
you refer to last month's chart, you'll see that pins 2 and 3 are
Transmit and Receive Data. Pins 4 and 5 are Request to Send
Data and Clear to Send Data. Those two pairs of pins always
go together, sort of like salt and pepper shakers do. There are
also 3 more pins which you have to consider, namely the Data
Set Ready, pin (6); Carrier Detect, pin (8); and Data Terminal
Ready, pin (20). These three pins also have to be present to
accommodate most software. Remember that this is a soft-
ware controlled item, not a hardware controlled item. If your
software is looking for a carrier detect, then you have to have
one. Most programs which run on Radio Shack computers
require these three signals.
The easiest way to insure that you are getting these three
signals when you are making a Modem Eliminator (or
Jumper Cable as it is also called— make you think of your
car's battery?) is to tie pins 6, 8, and 20 together at both ends
of the DB-25 connectors. Most often you will be using male
connectors at both sides of your ribbon cable, and the easiest
way to jumper these together is by opening your connector,
taking a piece of 30 gauge KYNAR (which is a type of very
thin insulated wire which is readily available and usually in its
own special container that cuts and strips the wire for you)
about two inches long, stripping it, but leaving about 1 A to 3 /s
of an inch of insulation on the wire. Starting from the inside of
the connector working toward the outside, place the bare
KYNAR on pin 6, slide down the piece of insulation against
pin 6 so that it protects pin 7, and put the piece of KYNAR
from the outside of pin 8 to the inside on pin 8. From pin 8
going straight across, you will run into pin 20. Bring the
KYNAR through to pin 20, and clip off the excess. Now when
you lay your ribbon cable over it, it will secure the KYNAR into
place when the connector is closed.
Please remember that in order for this cable to allow your
computers to "talk" to each other the Receive must connect
with the Transmit!! Now since you must not connect Receive
to Receive or the Transmit to Transmit you must remember to
reverse wires 2 and 3 on the other side of the cable! If you
20
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
look at the connector and look at the ribbon cable you're
working with, you will notice that the cable is laid out as
follows:
1 14 2 15 3 16 4 17 5 18 6 19 7 20 8 21 9 22 10 23 11 24 12 25 13
In fact, if you look at the DB25 itself, you will see the
numbers of the wires in the ribbon cable listed on the connec-
tor, set up as follows:
f V 2 3 4 ST"™ 7 8 """"9 "(Til "l2 ; 13 V
V 1*4 1*5 1*6 1*7 1*8 f 9 2*0 2*1 2*2 2*3 2*4 2*5 /
Notice that you start off with 1,14,2, etc. so when you're
looking for a particular pin location on the ribbon cable you
must count every other wire, because every other wire goes
to the bottom half rather than the top half of the connector.
When locating wires, you must be exceedingly careful that
you have located the correct one! Now, we wish to reverse
wires 2 and 3 in order to make our Transmit wire go into our
Receive wire and vice versa, so count carefully and locate
wires 2, 3, and 1 5. (1 5 will be in the middle, going to the lower
half of the connector). Once you are certain you have located
the correct three wires, split the cable there carefully; cutting it
just a bit with a razor to separate these three wires from all the
rest. Take these three wires (which will be 2, 15, and 3) and
just twist them around so that the #2 wire is where the #3 wire
was; the #1 5 wire remains unchanged in the middle, and the
#3 wire is where the #2 wire was.
Count carefully again and locate wires 4, 17, and 5.
Reverse these wires as you did above with wires 2,15, and 3.
Press the wires onto the pins. The balance of the wires can be
pressed onto the pins in their natural order. Go to the other
side of the connector and tie together pins 6, 8, and 20 as you
did on the first end of your cable, then just lay the ribbon cable
in on top and put the connector over it. Close the connector
and trim it. You now should have a connector with two sec-
tions where wires are reversed.
SOME HINTS FOR CABLE MAKERS
The easiest way to RUIN a cable is to put it on and take it
off a connector repeatedly, so you must try to do the job
carefully and accurately the first time.
There is a very easy way to seat a wire in a pin, and we
recommend that you use this method. You will need a "pin
setter" to seat the wire into the pin without damaging either.
The "magic" tool that we use as a "pin setter" is the front of a
ball point pen! That's all it takes, folks! Just lay your cable
across the pins and while holding it tightly around the connec-
tor, rub the PLASTIC barrel of the pen (use plastic so you
don't damage the pins) across the cable until you BEGIN to
see the point of the pin sticking through the insulation. At this
point you take the front of the pen, and one by one put each
pin inside the barrel of the pen. This will push the cable down
around the pin without damaging the pin itself. Care should
be taken to lay the cable onto the pins very carefully other-
wise you will be causing shorts between the pins.
Once your connector is completed you can plug one
end into each of your computers and transmit programs at
9600 baud or whatever speed you like best. Your two com-
puters are now connected to each other!
CONNECTING A COMPUTER TO A MODEM
To connect a computer to a modem, all you have to do to
make a cable is simply lay in the cable as is. When you make
up this cable, you must be certain that you identify pin 1 on
your cable with a stripe or other marking to make sure that it
goes to pin 1 on both connectors.
Please note: The above is true for all of the Radio Shack
computers except the Color Computer, where you MUST tie
in the pins 6, 8, and 20 if you are using a NON-Smart modem.
The Modem II and DC 1200 are Smart Modems— all other
modems must have the 6, 8, 20 jumper installed at the
modem end of the cable. Unless— as in the Modem 1 —there
is a force DTR switch.)
WHAT IF YOU HAVE A NON-RADIO SHACK PRODUCT?
"But, Al," you say. "I have a product someone gave me.
How do I get it to interface with my Radio Shack equipment?"
My answer is simple. READ THE MANUAL THAT CAME
WITH THE EQUIPMENT!! Within the manual you will find "pin
outs" for the serial port (in other words— the description of
each pin's function). They may be set up differently from your
Radio Shack equipment, but there will never be more than 25
pins, each with its own signal. You already know (from last
month's article) the function of each signal. All you have to do
is match signals from one side of the cable to the other side.
Let's say you have an unusual cable that connects to
your printer where perhaps Receive Data is pin 1 instead of
the usual pin 3. All you have to do is make up a cable that will
match the proper pins to the proper functions. Having done
this you're ready!
CHECKING OUT YOUR CABLE
I do advise though, that after you have made a cable you
take a volt/ohm meter and make certain that your cable does
not have any shorts in it. If you don't have such a meter a
simple 1 -V2 volt battery and light bulb will do. Wire the bulb to
the battery on one terminal; take the other terminal from the
battery and the other terminal from the light bulb and extend
wires from them. Touching these 2 wires to anything which is
continuous will cause the light to light, so if you want to check
any connections that you have made, simply touch your two
wires to it. You ought to be able to make the light light up. If
it doesn't then reset your pins; push down a little further on
the plastic because the connection was probably not made
correctly.
HOW DO YOU CONTROL THE PINS?
Armed with above new skills let's talk about how you
control each of these pins. There are three methods with
Radio Shack equipment of controlling these pins. The first
method is through machine language Service Calls (or ROM
calls). Please refer to the technical sections of your Manual to
locate and find syntax for these calls. There you will find
machine language service calls for the Models 2,12, and 1 6,
and machine language ROM calls for the Color computer,
and Models 1 and 3. The manual will define what they are and
how to use them.
In the case of direct port addressing for the Models 1 and
3 please refer to Figure 1 . In the case of the Color Computer,
since there is no UART (a device which turns parallel data into
serial data), all output must be manually configured and
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
21
timed and sent directly to the port. Please refer to your Color
Computer technical manual for port addresses and methods.
Figure 1.
When dealing with Models 2, 12, and 1 6 for port addresses,
please see Figures 3 and 4.
DATA
BIT
MODEM STATUS
REGISTER
CONFIGURATION
SENSE SWITCHES
UART CONTROL
REGISTER AND
HANDSHAKE LATCH
UART STATUS
REGISTER
D7
Clear to send
Pin 5 DB-25
Even Parity Enable
1 = even, = odd
Even Parity Enable
1 = even, = odd
Data Received
1 = Condition true
D6
Data Set Ready
Pin 6 DB-25
Word length Select 1
Word length Select 1
Transmitter Holding Register
Empty 1 = Condition true
D5
Carrier Detect
Pin 8 DB-25
Word length Select 2
Word length Select 2
Overrun Error
1 = Condition true
D4
Ring Indicator
Pin 22 DB-25
Stop Bit Select
1 = 2 bits, 0= 1 bit
Stop Bit Select
1 = 2 bits, 0= 1 bit
Framing Error
1 = Condition true
D3
Unused
Parity Inhibit
1 disables parity
Parity Inhibit
1 disables parity
Parity Error
1 = Condition true
D2
Unused
Baud Rate 3
Break
Disables Transmit data
Unused
Dl
Receiver Input UART P20
Baud Rate 1
Data Terminal Ready
Pin 20 DB-25
Unused
DO
Unused
Baud Rate 2
Request to send
Pin 4 DB-25
Unused
IN 0E8H
IN 0E9H
OUT 0EAH
IN0EAH
BIT ALLOCATIONS FOR REGISTERS AND LATCHES
The information in Figure 1 can be found on page 1 7 of
the manual for the Model 1 RS-232-C board (26-1 145).
Figure 2.
NIBBLES FOR BAUD RATE CONFIGURATION
ON FIGURE 1
Nibble Loaded
Transmit or Receive Baud Rate
HEX
BINARY
OH
000
50
1H
001
75
2H
010
110
3H
011
134.5
4H
100
150
5H
101
300
6H
110
600
7H
111
1200
The information in Figure 2 is located on page 16 of the
Model I RS-232-C interface board manual (26-1145).
For Models 2, 12, and 16 there are three read registers
for Channel B and two read registers for Channel A within the
SIO which can be used to obtain status information. Read
registers through 2 (Figure 4) contain the interrupt vector
which is only valid for the Channel B register. In order to read
the contents of a particular read register other than read
register 0, your system program must first write the register
number which you choose to look at to write register 0. Then
by doing an IN to that register, the contents of that register will
be returned.
Within the SIO there are seven write registers for channel
A and eight for channel B which are programmed separately
to configure the function of the channels. The interrupt vector
for both channels is contained in write register 2 and is only in
the channel B register set. The write registers require two
bytes (excepting write register 0). The first byte is to write
register and contains three bits that point to the selected
register. The second byte is the actual control word written
into the register to configure the SIO. Following are two
example usages. The first is in BASIC, and the second is in
Machine Language.
Figure 3
PORT ADDRESS LOCATION
FOR MODELS 2, 12, AND 16
Port No.
Allocation Function
F4H
SIO A
F5H
SIO B
F6H
SIO A
F7H
SIO B
Channel A Data
Channel B Data
Channel A Command/Status
Channel B Command/Status
The information in Figure 3 is found on page 20 of the
Model II Technical Reference Manual (26-4921 ). It is applica-
ble for the Models 12 and 16 as well.
The BASIC example:
To set the DTR in the Models 1 and 3, do an OUT 234, 1 .
Use the table in order to see which bits must be set.
For example, in order to set the number of stop bits to " 1 "
with the larger machines, you would do the following:
OUT &HF6.4 (attention register 4!!!!!)
OUT &HF6,4 (set one stop bit)
The machine language (Z80) example:
LD B.0F6H 'Load control register address into B
OUT (B),04H 'Attention register 4 !!
OUT (B),04H 'Set bit 2 (one stop bit)
To further illustrate:
22 TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
Figure 4. Read and Write Bit Function Tables
READ REGISTER
| D 7 ' D 6 i 5 j 4 [ 3 1 2 | 0, j D„ |
READ REGISTER 2
I D, ! D 6 j D 5 ! D 4 ! D 3 I D 2 | D, I D
READ REGISTER If
D 4 D 3 D 2
- Rx CHARACTER AVAILABLE
- INT PENDING (CH. A ONLY)
-Tx SUFFER EMPTY
-DCD
-SYNC/HUNT
•Tx UNDERRUN/EOM
■ BREAK/ABORT
•UseaWun Exiemai Staius
mierruDl Mode
•V1t
• V2t
• V3t
INTERRUPT
VECTOR
I FIELD BITS I FIELD BITS IN
IN PREVIOUS SECOND PREVIOUS
• PARITY ERROR
•Rx OVERRUN ERROR
• CRC/FRAMING ERROR
END OF FRAME (SDLC)
TUsea Wiin Special Receive Conam<
■Residue Daia Fc
R. Bus'Characler
i Eight.
Programmed
ii Siaus aik
Prog'ammec
Read Register Bit Functions
WRITE REGISTER
REGISTER
1 REGISTER 1
REGISTER 2
1 REGISTER 3
REGISTER 4
1 REGISTER 5
REGISTER 6
1 REGISTER 7
NULL CODE
1 SEND ABORT (SDLC)
1 RESET EXT/STATUS INTERRUPTS
1 1 CHANNEL RESET
1 ENABLE INT ON NEXT Rx CHARACTER
1 1 RESET TxINT PENDING
1 1 ERROR RESET
1 1 1 RETURN FROM INT (CHA ONLY)
NULL CODE
1 RESET Rx CRC CHECKER
RESET Tx CRC GENERATOR
1 RESET Tx UNDERRUN/EOM LATCH
WRITE REGISTER 4
| D 7 | D e | D s [ D, [ D 3 | D ; | 0, [ d7|
-PARITY ENABLE
-PARITY EVEN/ODD
SYNC MODES ENABLE
1 STOP BIT/CHARACTER
1 </» STOP BITS/CHARACTER
2 STOP BITS/CHARACTER
8 BIT SYNC CHARACTER
1 16 BIT SYNC CHARACTER
1 SDLC MODE (01 1 1 1 1 10 FLAG)
1 1 EXTERNAL SYNC MODE
XI CLOCK MODE
1 X16 CLOCK MODE
1 X32 CLOCK MODE
1 1 X64 CLOCK MODE
WRITE REGISTER 1
I D 7 I D 6 I D, I D 4 I D 3 | D J 0, I D
-EXT INT ENABLE
-Tx INT ENABLE
-STATUS AFFECTS VECTOR
(CH. B ONLY)
Rx INT DISABLE
1 Rx INT ON FIRST CHARACTER
1 INT ON ALL Rx CHARACTERS (PARITY AFFECTS VECTOR)
1 1 INT ON ALL Rx CHARACTERS (PARITY DOES NOT AFFECT
VECTOR)
- WAIT fflEADY ON R/T
-WAIT/READY FUNCTION
-WAIT/READY ENABLE
•Or On
Special
Conailic
WRITE REGISTER 2 (CHANNEL B ONLY)
WRITE REGISTER 5
-Tx CRC ENABLE
- RTS
-SDLC/CRC-16
-Tx ENABLE
-SEND BREAK
Tx 5 BITS (OR LESSJ/CHARACTER
Tx 7 BITS/CHARACTER
Tx 6 BITS/CHARACTER
Tx 8 BITS/CHARACTER
0, D 3 D,
WRITE REGISTER 3
| D 7 | Dp | D 5 [ D 4 [ D 3 [ 0; [ D, | |
Rx 5 BITS/CHARACTER
1 Rx 7 BITS/CHARACTER
Rx 6 BITS/CHARACTER
1 Rx 8 BITS/CHARACTER
WRITE REGISTER 6
[ D 7 | D 6 [ D 5 | D 4 | D 3 | D ; | I
INTERRUPT
VECTOR
-SYNC BITO
-SYNC BIT 1
-SYNC BIT 2
-SYNC BIT 3
-SYNC BIT 4
-SYNC BITS
-SYNC BIT 6
-SYNC BIT 7
•Also SDLC Address Field
WRITE REGISTER 7
|d 7 |d 6 |d 5 |d 4 |d 3 |d 2 | Di |d |
— Rx ENABLE
— SYNC CHARACTER LOAD INHIBIT
— ADDRESS SEARCH MODE (SDLC)
— Rx CRC ENABLE
— ENTER HUNT PHASE
— AUTO ENABLES
— SYNC BIT 15
Write Register Bit Functions
•For SDLC II Musi Be Programmed
lo On it no For Flag Recognition
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
23
LD B.0F6H 'Load control register
address into B
OUT (B),04H 'Attention register 4 !!
OUT (B),08H 'Set bit 3 (2 stop bits)
In the case of the Models 1 and 3 the first OUT command
is not necessary and B register should first be loaded with
port address you desire.
Using the above tables you can see how you can control
each of the pins in the DB25 connector. If you have specific
questions, please contact your local service representative or
write to us in care of Communications Corner, P.O. Box 291 0,
Fort Worth, Tx 76113-2910. You now should have enough
new knowledge and skills to be able to interface and program
any RS-232-C peripheral device.
PARTS ARE AVAILABLE
It is possible to purchase the parts needed to build your
cables from Radio Shack.
Connectors
D-Submini 25 Male for RS-232C bus
(276-1559) Sug. Ret. $4.99
D-Submini 25 Female - Ideal for Cable Extensions
(276-1565) Sug. Ret. $4.99
Solder D-Submini 25 Connectors
Male (276-1547) Sug. Ret. $2.99
Female (276-1548) Sug. Ret. $3.99
Hood (276-1549) Sug. Ret. $2.19
Cable and Wire
Flat RS-232C 25 Conductor 5' Cable (278-772)
Should be available June/July Sug. Ret. $3.59
KYNAR, 30 gauge wire Sug. Ret. $2.39
Red (278-501)
White (278-502)
AND IF YOU DON'T WANT TO BUILD THE CABLE . . .
For those who don't want to build their RS-232-C acces-
sories, Radio Shack offers the following RS-232-C cables and
accessories.
Cat. Sug.
No. Ret.
Color Computer to RS-232C
I ntprf f\of*
ModelIII/4/12 RS-232C 5' Flat
Cable
Model III/4 8" Extender - Allows
use of round RS-232C cables
with the Model III/4
Model 11,16 RS-232C 5' Cable
with Terminator (Round with
molded plugs)
RS-232C Cable for Model 12
or for extending any
RS-232 Cable
10'
25'
50'
100'
RS-232C Cable Ext. for
Longer Runs
(26-3014)
(26-1408)
(26-1497)
(26-4403)
(26-1490)
(26-1491)
(26-1492)
(26-1493)
$19.95
$19.95
$17.95
$39.95
$29.95
$39.95
$54.95
$89.95
(26-1495) $29.95
Null Modem Adapter— Allows
two CPUs to communicate
directly using modem software (26-1496) $29.95
THE CORNER MAILBOX
I have always liked the idea of trading user made pro-
grams, but all the phone numbers are not in my area. If you
know of any in my area or know how to get a catalog of
numbers, please send it to me. Also do I need an RJ11C
modular jack for a Modem II?
Buc Burgess
Altamonte Springs, Fl
Dear Buc,
Although our January article did not specifically mention
bulletin boards in your area, we know that there are plenty in
Florida. Call any of the boards listed in the January or April
articles, and refer to their lists of other bulletin board numbers.
Keep a hard copy of these lists and refer to them as need
arises. You will probably find new boards listed on each one
that you call.
About your Modem II— yes, you do need the RJ11C
modular jack.
Although I can effectively use my Model III as a terminal,
there does not seem to be much software available for run-
ning the modem. The IBM system uses an 80 character CRT
while the Model III is only 64. I would like to eliminate the
wrap around problem. The first idea I had was to route the
information from the RS-232-C to my line printer instead of the
screen. The 1.3 version of TRSDOS, however, returns
ERROR 31 (program not found) whenever I attempt to use
the ROUTE command.
Steven C. Rowland
Monterey, Ca
Dear Steven,
You idea is a good one. However, it is quite true that the
ROUTE command has been replaced! The best way to ac-
complish what you're trying to do is to open your buffer,
capture the incoming information as a disk file and then print
the disk file. However, if you should want to use your printer,
you must POKE &H4222 with a two byte ASCII abbreviation
of the desired source device (one of Kl, DO, Rl, RO, or PR) and
&H4220 with a two byte destination abbreviation. See page
50 of your manual to see how to do this from BASIC.
I am using a Model III with 2 disk drives to communicate
to an HP3000. I notice communications package does not
seem to be using the $RSTX and $RSRCB ROM calls. They
seem instead to be talking to ports E8 through EB instead.
Your assistance is appreciated.
Dr. V. Zitko
St Andrews, New Brunswick
Dear Dr. Zitko,
You are quite correct in that the terminal package does
not use the ROM calls. Instead it directly addresses the ports
as the above article describes. If you have any further ques-
tions about it, please write to us again.
That about wraps it up for another month in ourcorner,
please watch for our next month's article in which we
will discuss Direct Cursor Addressing, Communicating
Graphics, and methods of printer dumping. 'Happy
Communicating! ^
24
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
Color PILOT
by George Gerhold
Education
Editor's note: Color PI LOT was developed for the TRS-80
Color Computer by Dr. George Gerhold and Mr: Larry
Kheriaty of Western Washington State University. Kheriaty
and Gerhold were the original developers of COMMON
PILOT, a widely used version of the PILOT language.
Color PILOT is a language used to create instructional
dialogs on the TRS-80 Color Computer. Because Color
PILOT makes it easy to code flexible screen design and
answer processing, the language can be used by teachers
and curriculum developers who are not computer experts.
Color PILOT is a version of COMMON PILOT, which means
that instructional programs written in PILOT for many other
machines can be converted for use on the Color Computer
very easily.
Why use Color PILOT instead of BASIC for instructional
programming? That's like asking a fence builder, "Why use a
post-hole digger when shovels are available?" In both cases,
the answer is, "because your productivity is higher and the
product is better when you use a tool designed for the task at
hand." The larger the project, the more important this
becomes.
Instructional programming and computational program-
ming are very different tasks. Good instruction involves trans-
mitting a large quantity of textual and graphic information in
very digestible form. It also requires the ability to accept and
correctly process a wide variety of student input. Color PILOT
makes it easy to code (program) common instructional oper-
ations. For example, students are likely to make spelling and
typing errors, and they are likely to use a variety of words and
expressions in responding to questions. Color PILOT makes
it easy for you to allow for such variety in responses; BASIC
does not. On the other hand, BASIC makes it easy to code
loops, which repeat operations many times. In instruction,
however, we seldom wish to repeat the same thing many
times, so Color PILOT does not have such an operator.
Let's take a look at how Color PILOT helps the instruc-
tional programmer. We'll begin with output. Think of the com-
puter's display as a blackboard, not as a piece of paper. We
do not have to fill the screen with information. We can write on
it anywhere we please. We can use the whole screen for a
single idea, or we can divide it into sections; we can mix
graphics and text; we can write in large and small letters; we
can make any characters we need; we can erase selected
portions while keeping others; and we can use an unlimited
number of panels at little extra expense. All of these things
can" be done using Color PILOT.
In Color PILOT, you use two main instructions to gener-
ate displays: the TYPE instruction and the GRAPHIC instruc-
tion. The following TYPE instruction (with the computer
understanding uppercase "T" as the code for the instruc-
tion), will display the message "Welcome to Color PILOT" on
the screen:
TWelcome to Color PILOT.
Everything after the colon in the TYPE instruction ap-
pears on the screen, at the current cursor position, as typed.
(Notice that you can use upper and lower case in Color
PILOT.) Modifiers can be added to the TYPE instruction to
affect the way messages are displayed on the screen. The
"S" modifier (for "Screen") clears the screen, then prints the
message starting at the screen's upper left corner:
TS:Welcome to Color PILOT.
Many of the display enhancements for text are controlled
via the GRAPHIC instruction ("G"). You can use this instruc-
tion to change color sets, to select normal or reverse video,
and/or to use double-size characters. By combining these
options in different ways, you can get a total of eight different
screen modes. The instruction:
G:M6
selects mode 6— namely, the alternate color set, normal
video, and large characters.
By using modifying operators with the GRAPH IC instruc-
tion, you can specify the screen coordinates for text display or
for drawing graphics. The screen is treated as a piece of
graph paper, and positions are specified by an X,Y pair of
numbers or variables. The origin is in the lower left corner,
unless moved. To position text on the screen, we use the
WINDOW ("W") operator. The following instruction will posi-
tion the text cursor in the center of the screen:
G:W126,96
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
25
It also reduces the size of the text screen by making the
indicated point the upper left corner of the text window. All of
the TYPE instructions to follow (including TS: instructions) will
operate only within the window. This allows the author to lock
part of the display on the screen while changing other parts.
Of course the window can be reopened with another
WINDOW operation.
The BLOCK operation ("B") presents another way to
selectively erase the screen. To use the BLOCK operation, we
have to designate two points on the screen— two opposite
corners of a block. The instruction:
G:D100,65,B150,125
will draw a block approximately in the center of the screen.
The block can be drawn in any of four colors in either of
two color sets. By making the block the same color as the
screen's background, we have a way to selectively erase
portions of the screen. Of course blocks can be used as
components of graphics, in combination with the DOT, LINE,
PENCOLOR, and ERASE operations that are available.
Another very useful feature of Color PILOT is the
NEWCHARACTER instruction ("N"). This instruction allows
you to custom-design characters for special instructional pur-
poses and/or for use in graphic designs. You can redefine
ASCII characters 32 through 1 27, giving them any 8 x 8 dot
pattern. For example, the instruction:
N:32,FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
changes the space (character 32 in the ASCII convention)
into a solid black box. The dot pattern is specified by 1 6 Hex
digits— in this case, we have turned all of the dots ON. After
this instruction is encountered in a program, every space will
appear as a black box. Patterns can also be defined for
characters that are not provided by the keyboard. For exam-
ple, the instruction:
T:This is an example #127
will produce character #1 27 after the other text even though
character 127 does not correspond to a key.
Now let's look at Color PILOT'S capabilities for process-
ing student input. When the student responds to a question,
his or her input is immediately transferred into a buffer. Vari-
ous MATCH instructions can then be used to make the com-
puter search the buffer for input that matches the specified
range of acceptable answers. For example, the instruction:
M:senate
causes the computer to search the buffer for the answer
"senate." ("M:senate" causes a window-string search,
meaning that the answer "senate" will be found even if it
appears in a sentence or in a group of words.) Color PILOT
provides many extensions to the power of the MATCH opera-
tion. The computer can be told to convert all student input
either to upper case or to lower case before comparison (in
the buffer only, not on the screen). The items to be matched
can contain single wild-card characters (*); multiple wild-card
characters (& can be used to join two required parts of an
answer, with anything accepted in between these parts); and
OR operators (!). The instruction:
M:sen*t!h&se!leg*sl&t*r!repr*s&t&v
would treat the answers "senate", "house", "legislature",
and "representative" in a great variety of misspellings and
mistypings as equivalent. The modified MATCH instruction:
MS:senate
would match any student answer which was only one charac-
ter different from "senate" or which differed only by the
switch of two characters.
Of course we must be able to take different actions
depending on the student answer. By using Y or N condi-
tions, we can make the execution of any instruction depend
on the results of a MATCH operation. The following is a very
simple example:
TS:Name the smaller of the
: national legislative bodies.
A:
M:senate!Senate
TY:That's right!
TN:No, that's not right. _ ^ Q 9m
a (Continued on page 28)
26
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
CompuServe
Telidon: Graphic
Future
of the Near
Editor's Note: The CompuServe Information Service is
one of the largest information and entertainment services
available to owners of personal computers and computer
terminals. With each issue of TRS-80 Microcomputer News,
various features of CompuServe will be discussed. The
CompuServe Information Service is sold at Radio Shack
stores nationwide and in Canada.
An architect meeting with her clients uses it to take them
on a visual tour of a building that is still on the drawing boards.
A chemist uses it to create models for investigating the
interaction of large molecules.
A stockbroker gets an almost instantaneous graph of the
performance of various stocks on which to base his financial
judgments.
These and many other examples in the fields of entertain-
ment, medicine, business and education are all current uses
of computer graphics— a science that has moved in the past
few years from one of novelty to serious research.
According to Larry Sturtz, manager of CompuServe's
Advanced Research Department, new developments in
computer graphics will continue to occur rapidly. "All this
work will eventually benefit home computer owners," he
says. "Initially, the software will be made available so that
personal computer owners can use BASIC or FORTRAN
programs to generate graphics. Later, computer products
will be released featuring Telidon graphics and requiring no
technical knowledge."
In the forefront of computer graphics development
is the Canadian Telidon Videotex system, a new terminal-
independent method of creating high-resolution,
multi-color graphic images through the use of Picture
Description Instructions (PDIs). This PDI code describes im-
ages in terms of commands to draw basic graphic shapes
such as lines, arcs and polygons at specified positions in the
overall picture.
Sturtz, who is heading CompuServe's development of
software to support the Presentation Level Protocol (PLP)
which is a subset of the Telidon system, says that his group's
work is a continually-evolving process.
"I think we're close to the point where software will be
available for use by "quasi-technical" people. We have one
commercial customer in New York to whom we've supplied
software for use with his own database," Sturtz explains.
"Telidon is not widely used at this point," he adds, "but
we believe— after evaluating other systems— that it's the one
that will become the North American videotex standard."
CompuServe's Advanced Research team displayed
their work on Telidon graphics with a stock data demonstra-
tion at Interface '82, a trade show held last March in Dallas.
An entirely computer-generated program, the software re-
quires no artist or information provider to draw pictures— a
real plus in eventually making it available to the business
person or home computer hobbyist.
What the system does require at this point, however, is
extremely skilled people to work with the Telidon software/
hardware combination during the graphics creation process.
According to Charles Csuri, professor of Art Education and
Computer Science at the Ohio State University, there is a
"crying need" for software that will make computer graphics
a viable option for business and home use. "The hardware
will continue to go down in price," Csuri says, who is nation-
ally known for his pioneering efforts in computer art. "The real
deterrent is software— packages must be generated to solve
very specific problems generated by users' needs."
Sturtz agrees with Csuri's assessment of the state-of-the-
art, adding that research on software for the Telidon graphics
system and others is an ongoing priority at CompuServe.
"We're working now on one of several graphics projects,
to develop a multi-user interactive game that can be used by
home computer hobbyists," he says, adding that develop-
ments of this sort take months— even years— of research
before they are ready for the public.
Some synthetic images produced by computer graphics
cannot readily by distinguished from pictures of real scenes.
In pilot training, computer graphics are already being used as
a safe, efficient method to present students with ground-
based experience that mimics precisely the view from a
cockpit.
Use of computer graphics is also being experimented
with as a means of eliminating the more tedious parts of
cartoon animation. And instead of relying on artists to
produce time-consuming and complicated charts, graphs
and slides by hand, some businesses are relying on com-
puter graphics to do the job.
Sturtz and other researchers, who spend long days in
the lab working to make image generation procedures effi-
cient, agree that working to simplify these processes is one of
the greatest challenges in computer graphics.
OSU's Csuri predicts wide use of computer graphics as it
moves from research labs into homes, offices and schools.
"Computer graphics will alter how we work, learn
and play," Csuri says. "Its impact on all our futures will be
enormous."
COLOR AND BLACK AND WHITE GRAPHICS
AVAILABLE FOR STOCK DATA ON COMPUSERVE
Color and Black and White graphics for stock data is now
available on the CompuServe Information Service for the
TRS-80 Color Computer, TRS-80 Videotex and the TRS-80
Model I and III.
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
27
The microcomputer must be operating a CompuServe
Vidtex-compatible executive program available through
CompuServe.
At the MicroQuote program prompt, one can enter the
VIDPLT command by answering the three questions of ticker,
time period (daily, weekly or monthly) and ending date re-
ceive a graphic display of the high, low, close and volume on
any stock.
Seventeen periods of data are presented with each
graphic. Each period of data will represent daily, weekly or
monthly data according to the user's request. The cost is 15
cents per graphic (1 7 periods per graphic) with no additional
data charge.
VIDPLT is an excellent means of viewing a stock's trend,
especially for the home, amateur or small investor.
CompuServe invites all users to view this graphics addition to
the MicroQuote system which offers 10 years of daily infor-
mation on over 42,000 financial instruments.
VIDPLT is an additional graphics capability to Micro-
Quote. Other similar capabilities are TELPLT which presents
stock graphics for Telidon compatible microcomputers.
MicroQuote is available under the Reference Database
section of the Business and Financial Services or by entering
GO FIN-20.
CompuServe would like to express their thanks to Today
magazine for permission to reprint the "Telidon: Graphics of
the Near Future" story from the Sept./Oct. 1982 issue of
Today.
Questions and comments about the CompuServe Infor-
mation Service can be sent to Richard A. Baker, Editorial
Director, or Jacqueline A. Farthing, Assistant Editor,
CompuServe Information Service, 5000 Arlington Centre
Boulevard, P. 0. Box 20212, Columbus, Ohio 43220 or
through Feedback, main menu item 5, CompuServe L/ser
Information.
Grid for the CGP-115
Otis D. Sullivan
Sullivan Studios Inc.
212 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10010
This is a program that I wrote for the CGP-115 Color
Graphics printer. The program (or subroutine) creates a grid
that can be used to create charts.
1 '*** GRID PROGRAM FOR THE CGP-115 COLOR GRAPHICS
PRINTER ***
2 '*** BY OTIS SULLIVAN 212 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK
10010 ***
3 '******************* SEPTEMBER 1982
5 LPRINT"BILLIONS"
: LPRINT"0F DOLLARS"
10 LPRINT CHR$(18)
: LPRINT"C0"
20 LPRINT"L0"
30 LPRINT"M25,0"
: LPRINT"I"
35 FOR A = TO 10
40 LPRINT" J 399,0"
50 LPRINT"R-399,-24"
60 NEXT A
70 LPRINT"H"
80 LPRINT" J0, 240"
90 LPRINT"R21,240"
100 LPRINT"R-300,10"
101 LPRINT"S0"
105 LPRINT CHR$(173)
110 LPRINT"100"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 90"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 80"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 70"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 60"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 50"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 40"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 30"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 20"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 10"
LPRINT
LPRINT" 0"
120 LPRINT" '65 '67 '69
■77 '79 '81 '83
'71
'73
'75
This program may be modified for the Color Computer
by changing all LPRINTs to PRINT#-2„ ^1
COLOR PILOT
(From page 26)
The line which starts a colon is the continuation of the
TYPE instruction. The "A:" is an ACCEPT instruction which
gets the student input. The MATCH allows for capitalization
because we did not use the case editing feature. The opera-
tions of the conditional TYPE instructions are obvious. The
YES and NO conditions are just two of the many conditions
that can be used. In fact any legal expression— either nu-
meric, alphabetic, or mixed—can be attached to instructions
as conditions. If the expression is true, the instruction will
execute. If the expression is false, the instruction is skipped.
We cannot completely describe Color PI LOT in this small
space, so we have concentrated on those features which
distinguish it from other languages. Color PILOT is a com-
plete language with numeric and string variables, assign-
ment instructions, branching instructions, and file access
instructions. It is possible to write complex simulations as well
as simple dialogs in the language.
The Color PILOT package is available in two forms: a
disk version for 32K which includes all of the above features,
and a cassette version which includes a subset of these
features and which runs on a 16K machine. Both systems
include a simple line-oriented editor which makes creation
and revision of programs extremely simple. Finally, in com-
parison to other versions of PILOT, the system is extremely
fast. Try it; you'll love it. ^B
28
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
Notes on Previous
Newsletters
JULY/AUGUST 1982
Fireworks
Gregg Ford
95 Eldred Ave.
Bedford, OH 44146
I would like to suggest the following additions to the
program submitted by Franklin Pigounias. These will liven up
the program a little.
31 SOUND 1 ,1
32 FOR X=l to 200
: NEXT X
49 SOUND 200,1
51 SOUND 210,1
61 SOUND 220,1
101 FOR X=l TO 100
: NEXT X
103 SOUND 1 ,2
121 SOUND 75,2
131 SOUND 130,3
221 SOUND 1,1
: SOUND 1 , 1
301 SOUND 120,2
309 SOUND 75,2
311 SOUND 40,2
319 SOUND 25,2
321 SOUND 33,2
499 SOUND 1 ,4
531 SOUND 75,3
541 SOUND 120,3
551 SOUND 80,3
561 SOUND 200,2
571 SOUND 100,2
581 SOUND 100,2
591 SOUND 160,2
601 FOR X=l TO 200
: NEXT X
NOVEMBER 1982
Printing Titles
William B. Innes
724 Kilbourne Dr.
Upland, CA 91786
The program does not appear suitable for a LP VIII
printer. The following program was worked out with TRS-80
Level 2.
10 INPUT "ENTER TITLE"; A$ 'EXAMPLE GIVEN ABOVE
20 L=LEN(A$)' NUMBER OF SPACES IN A$
30 T=40 - INT (.5*L) 'SPACES ON LEFT OF TITLE TO CENTER
FOR LP VIII PRINTER
50 LPRINT TAB(T)A$' PRINTS TITLE AT CENTER POSITION
60 FOR Y= T TO T+6*L 'THERE ARE 6 GRAPHICS PER SPACE
70 LPRINT TAB(Y)CHR$(18);CHR$(129); 'PRINTS GRAPHIC AT
Y
80 NEXT Y' LOOP TO COMPLETE GRAPHIC PRINT UNDER TITLE
85 LPRINT CHR$(30);"" ' CONVERTS GRAPHIC TO DATA
PROC. MODE
FEBRUARY 1983
Periods to Commas in Data Statements
Louis B. Kelley
Route 1 Box 20-A
Crescent City, FL 32012
Regarding the program by Edward M. Roberts, I would
suggest, for faster execution, changing FOR Z = 17129 TO
VARPTR(Z) to read FOR Z = 271 29 TO VARPTR(Z). It is one
of the most useful "tricks" I have used.
Thanks from both of us, my Model III and me.
Variable Swapping
Dennis Lee Bieber
1630 Ottawa Ct. Apt. C
Sunnyvale, CA 94087
The variable swapping routine by Steven Kaiser is ex-
tremely wasteful. Only one temporary variable is needed. The
same result can be obtained by deleting statement 30 and
changing statement 40 to read "40 A = B".
The routine which follows swaps two variables without
using temporaries. (I am ignoring the dummy arguments in
the DEF FN statement as it could be coded in-line.) FNX is an
XOR (exclusive or) statement (a useful statement lacking in
BASIC).
10 DEF FNX(A,B)=(A AND NOT B) OR (NOT A AND B)
20 INPUT "A,B";A,B
30 PRINT 'THE NUMBERS TO BE EXCHANGED ARE ";A,B
40 A=FNX(A,B)
: B=FNX(A,B)
: A=FNX(A,B)
50 PRINT "THE EXCHANGED NUMBERS ARE ";A,B
60 END
MARCH 1983
Resistor Color Code Interpreter
Editor's Note: We sincerely apologize for the omission of
the last ten lines of this program. The missing lines should
read:
600 IF D=ll THEN G=.01
610 IF D=12 THEN G=.l
620 RETURN
630 END
640 AQ=""
: INPUT"4TH BAND ";AQ
650 IF LEFT$(AQ,3)="SIL" THEN AB="10% TOLERANCE"
: RETURN
660 IF LEFT$(AQ,3)="GOL" THEN AB="5% TOLERANCE"
: RETURN
670 LET AB="20% TOLERANCE"
680 RETURN
690 END J^
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
29
by Peter Levy
One of the PC-2's more underrated (and less under-
stood) functions is its automatic read— AREAD.
The fundamental use of AREAD is simple. It reads what-
ever is currently on the LCD display as data and assigns the
resulting value to a specified variable. If the display contains
"456.7" and AREAD X is executed, then a value of 456.7 is
assigned to X.
There are a couple of restrictions on AREAD's use. First,
the PC-2 does NOT evaluate expressions during AREAD as it
does for INPUT Whatever is read from the display must be
useable to the PC-2 as-is. Hence, if a numeric variable is
loaded through AREAD, the contents of the display must be
numeric, such as 234.56. Expressions such as 3 + 4 or
SQR(3) cannot be evaluated by AREAD and will result in the
declaration of an error.
Second, if AREAD is used, it must be the very first
statement of a line; that line must be labeled; and the line must
have been reached by entry of a DEF-key.
The following program will demonstrate AREAD's
application:
10 PRINT "ENTER NUMBER, PRESS DEF-A"
20 END
30 "A" AREAD X
40 PRINT "VALUE READ =";X
50 END
Note that the AREAD statement is the very first statement
in its line (30); that line 30 is labelled ("A"); and that the
program flow is designed so that line 30 is reached by its
DEF-key label CdefI (aD- These conditions all must be met
for AREAD to be used.
Not let's examine what happens when this program
runs, and so learn exactly what goes on when AREAD is
used, r ,
First, ENTER NUMBER, PRESS DEF-A is displayed.
After displaying this the PC-2 stops running the program and
waits for the user to tell it that he's through reading the
display, which he normally does by pressing CEBXOD or a
DEF-key.
At this point, a numeric value is typed. Let's type in
32 1 74. As soon as the user starts pressing keys the display is
automatically cleared, and then the PC-2 echoes the new
keystrokes on the display as they are received. We wind up
with 32.174 on the display, plus a cursor. The PC-2 is still
waiting for permission to go ahead after its PRINT, since
neither CenTFED or a DEF-key has been pressed.
Now we press CEEB, then CAD- The PC-2 jumps to the
line labelled "A" and starts executing that line, which instructs
it to AREAD X. The PC-2 does this by reading the characters
on the display— which still holds the 32.174 previously
typed— and assigning that value to the variable X.
Now the program tells us what was read:
VALUE READ = 32.174.
AREAD is generally used where a routine needs data on
entry, and, for one reason or another, it isn't practical to
transmit that value in a variable.
Suppose you have a program which can perform a large
number of different operations— say a geometry application.
You use DEF-key labels to get to the various routines easily.
Now it turns out that each routine doesn't necessarily use the
same variables— likely enough, especially if some are to use
the results of others. It's pretty clumsy to use, say, INPUT X at
one point, then start each and every routine with U = X or
A = X or Y = X or whatever conversion is needed. The situa-
tion gets still worse if some functions want a string value and
others a numeric one.
The solution is to use AREAD at the start of each routine:
AREAD X, AREAD B$, or whatever. Now all you have to do is
type the value and then press the needed DEF-key. Handy,
isn't it? *^&
AgrlStar (From page 19)
SUMMARY
Charting is not a Utopia in price forecasting. It is a strate-
gic tool for any agribusinessman in his overall marketing
program to be used in conjunction with other fundamental
information available on Agri-Star. And, as with any tool, its
usefulness depends on knowing how to use it and knowing its
capabilities and limitations. With the aid of other information
on charting, an agribusinessman can improve his
decision-making performance. He will have the knowledge
necessary to know when to buy and when to sell his commo-
dities profitably.
Such information available includes:
1 . Top Farmer Strategy (TFS) reports issued
daily on Agri-Star. These reports give:
a. A summary of the dominant factors
affecting the market by individual
commodity and by commodity groupings;
b. A technical summary of the charts—
their meaning and the future price outlook;
c. An overall summary which gives a price
outlook and why; and
d. Recommendations of when to buy and sell
and what to look for in the near future.
2. Access to Agri-Star HELP screens; and
3. "Charting Farm Markets," a Top Farmers
of American Publication.
For more information about Agri-Star, a business infor-
mation service of AgriData Resources, Inc., call toll free
1-800-558-9044 (Wisconsin residents call 1-800-242-6001)
or write Warren Clark, Marketing Manager, AgriData Re-
sources, Inc., 205 W. Highland Ave., Milwaukee, W I 53203
30
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
Greek Flag
H.E. Boulware
4516 St. Andrew Lane
Bridgeton, MO 63044
This program for the PC-2 with printer/plotter attached
draws a Greek flag.
5 "GREECE"CLEAR
10 GRAPH
: GLCURSOR (10,0)
: COLOR 1
: LINE (10,0)-(200,0)
20 LINE (200,-0)-(200,-135)-(10,-135)-(10,0)
: GLCURSOR (40,0)
: LINE (40,0)-(40,-30)
30 LINE (40,-30) - (10,-30) - (10,-45) - (40,-45) -
(40,-75) - (55,-75) - (55,-45)
40 LINE (55,-45) - (85,-45) - (85,-30) - (55,-30) -
(55,0)
: GLCURSOR (10,-134)
50 LINE (10,-134) - (200,-134) - (200,-133) -
(10,-133) - (10,-132) - (200,-132) - (200,-131)
60 LINE (200,-131) - (10,-131) - (10,-130) -
(200,-130) - (200,-129) - (10,-129) - (10,-128)
70 LINE (10,-128) - (200,-128) - (200,-127) -
(10,-127) - (10,-126) - (200,-126) - (200,-125)
80 LINE (200,-125) - (10,-125) - (10,-124) -
(200,-124) - (200,-123) - (10,-123) - (10,-122)
90 LINE (10,-122) - (200,-122) - (200,-121) -
(10,-121) - (10,-120)
100 LINE (10,-120) - (10,-105) - (200,-105) -
(200,-104) - (10,-104) - (10,-103) - (200,-103)
110 LINE (200,-103) - (10,-103) - (10,-102) -
(200,-102) - (200,-101) - (10,-101) - (10,-100)
120 LINE (10,-100) - (200,-100) - (200,-99) -
(10,-99) - (10,-98) - (200,-98) - (200,-97)
130 LINE (200,-97) - (10,-97) - (10,-96) - (200,-96)
- (200,-95) - (10,-95) - (10,-94)
140 LINE (10,-94) - (200,-94) - (200,-93) - (10,-93)
- (10,-92) - (200,-92) - (200,-91)
150 LINE (200,-91) - (10,-91) - (10,-90) - (200,-90)
- (200,-75) - (10,-75) - (10,-74)
160 GLCURSOR (55,-74)
: LINE (55,-74) - (200,-74) - (200,-73) -
(55,-73) - (55,-72)
170 LINE (55,-72) - (200,-72) - (200,-71) - (55,-71)
- (55,-70) - (200,-70) - (200,-69)
180 LINE (200,-69) - (55,-69) - (55,-68) - (200,-68)
- (200,-67) - (55,-67) - (55,-66)
190 LINE (55,-66) - (200,-66) - (200,-65) - (55,-65)
- (55,-64) - (200,-64) - (200,-63)
200 LINE (200,-63) - (55,-63) - (55,-62) - (200,-62)
- (200,-61) - (55,-61) - (55,-60)
210 LINE (55,-60) - (200,-60)
: GLCURSOR (55,-59)
220 LINE (55,-59) - (85,-59) - (85,-58) - (55,-58) -
(55,-57) - (85,-57) - (85,-56)
230 LINE (85,-56) - (55,-56) - (55,-55) - (85,-55) -
(85,-54) - (55,-54) - (55,-53)
240 LINE (55,-53) - (85,-53) - (85,-52) - (55,-52) -
(55,-51) - (85,-51) - (85,-50)
250 LINE (85,-50) - (55,-50) - (55,-49) - (85,-49) -
(85,-48) - (55,-48) - (55,-47)
260 LINE (55,-47) - (85,-47) - (85,-46) - (55,-46) -
(55,-45) - (200,-45) - (200,-44)
270 LINE (200,-44) - (85,-44) - (85,-43) - (200,-43)
- (200,-42) - (85,-42) - (85,-41)
280 LINE (85,-41) - (200,-41) - (200,-40) - (85,-40)
- (85,-39) - (200,-39) - (200,-38)
290 LINE (200,-38) - (85,-38) - (85,-37) - (200,-37)
- (200,-36) - (85,-36) - (85,-35)
300 LINE (85,-35) - (200,-35) - (200,-34) - (85,-34)
- (85,-33) - (200,-33) - (200,-32)
310 LINE (200,-32) - (85,-32) - (85,-31) - (200,-31)
- (200,-30) - (85,-30) - (85,-29)
320 LINE (55,-29) - (85,-29) - (85,-28) - (55,-28) -
(55,-27) - (85,-27) - (85,-26)
330 LINE (85,-26) - (55,-26) - (55,-25) - (85,-25) -
(85,-24) - (55,-24) - (55,-23)
340 LINE (55,-23) - (85,-23) - (85,-22) - (55,-22) -
(55,-21) - (85,-21) - (85,-20)
350 LINE (85,-20) - (55,-20) - (55,-19) - (85,-19) -
(85,-18) - (55,-18) - (55,-17)
360 LINE (55,-17) - (85,-17) - (85,-16) - (55,-16) -
(55,-15) - (200,-15) - (200,-14)
370 LINE (200,-14) - (55,-14) - (55,-13) - (200,-13)
- (200,-12) - (55,-12) - (55,-11)
380 LINE (55,-11) - (200,-11) - (200,-10) - (55,-10)
- (55,-9) - (200,-9) - (200,-8)
390 LINE (200,-8) - (55,-8) - (55,-7) - (200 -7) -
(200,-6) - (55,-6) - (55,-5)
400 LINE (55,-5) - (200,-5) - (200,-4) - (55,-4) -
(55,-3) - (200,-3) - (200,-2)
410 LINE (200,-2) - (55,-2) - (55,-1) - (200,-1)
420 GLCURSOR (10,-75)
: LINE (10,-75) - (40,-75) - (40,-74) - (10,-74)
- (10,-73)
430 LINE (10,-73) - (40,-73) - (40,-72) - (10,-72) -
(10,-71) - (40,-71) - (40,-70)
440 LINE (40,-70) - (10,-70) - (10,-69) - (40,-69) -
(40,-68) - (10,-68) - (10,-67)
450 LINE (10,-67) - (40,-67) - (40,-66) - (10,-66) -
(10,-65) - (40,-65) - (40,-64)
460 LINE (40,-64) - (10,-64) - (10,-63) - (40,-63) -
(40,-62) - (10,-62) - (10,-61)
470 LINE (10,-61) - (40,-61) - (40,-60) - (10 -60) -
(10,-59) - (40,-59)
480 LINE (40,-58) - (10,-58) - (10,-57) - (40,-57) -
(40,-56) - (10,-56) - (10,-55)
490 LINE (10, - 55) - (40,-55) - (40,-54) - (10,-54)
- (10,-53) - (40,-53) - (40,-52)
500 LINE (40,-52) - (10,-52) - (10,-51) - (40 -51) -
(40,-50) - (10,-50) - (10,-49)
510 LINE (10,-49) - (40,-49) - (40,-48) - (10 -48) -
(10,-47) - (40,-47) - (40,-46)
520 LINE (40,-46) - (10,-46) - (10,-45)
521 GLCURSOR (40,-29)
522 LINE (40,-29) - (10,-29) - (10,-28)
(40,-27) - (10,-27) - (10,-26)
540 LINE (10,-26) - (40,-26) - (40,-25)
(10,-24) - (40,-24) - (40,-23)
550 LINE (40,-23) - (10,-23) - (10,-22) - (40,-22)
(40,-21) - (10,-21) - (10,-20)
560 LINE (10,-20) - (40,-20) - (40,-19) - (10 -19)
(10,-18) - (40,-18) - (40,-17)
570 LINE (40,-17) - (10,-17) - (10,-16) - (40,-16)
(40,-15) - (10,-15) - (10,-14)
580 LINE (10,-14) - (40,-14) - (40,-13) - (10,-13)
(10,-12) - (40,-12) - (40,-11)
590 LINE (40,-11) - (10,-11) - (10,-10) - (40,-10)
(40,-9) - (10,-9) - (10,-8)
600 LINE (10,-8) - (40,-8) - (40,-7) - (10 -7) -
(10,-6) - (40,-6) - (40,-5)
610 LINE (40,-5) - (10,-5) - (10,-4) - (40,-4) -
(40,-3) - (10,-3) - (40,-2)
620 LINE (10,-2) - (40,-2) - (40,-1) - (10,-1) -
(10,0)
621 COLOR
622 GLCURSOR (5,5)
: LINE (5,5) - (5,-270) - (0,-270) - (0,5) -
(5,5)
630 TEXT
: CSIZE 2
: LF 10
: LPRINT " FLAG OF GREECE"
640 TEXT
: LF 5
(40,-45)
(40,-28) -
(10,-25) -
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
31
Document Listing for
the Model II
Jean-Pierre Radley
320 Central Park West
New York, NY 10025
This program was written in interpreter BASIC and will list
a BASIC program which has been saved in the normal format
(not ASCII) in an attractive format.
REM D0CLIST3/BAS Based on Lewis Rosenfelder , "Basic
Faster & Better & Other Mysteries". Version
September 1982 by Jean-Pierre Radley, 320
C.P.W., N.Y. 10025. Includes, in array format,
assembly language for four USR calls.
1 CLEAR 10000
: DEFINT A-Y
: DEFSTR Z
3 DIM B(1),RW$(128),US(45)
4 ZZ = CHR$(26)+" "
: ZY = " "+CHR$(25)
: ZX = CHR$(24)
10 ? DEF FN DT$ = MID$(DATE$ , 1 , 3)+" "+MID$(DATE$ ,4 , 3)+"
"+MID$(DATE$,7,2)+" "+MID$(DATE$ ,9 ,4)+" @
"+TIME$
15 CLS
• PRINT@85,"D0CLIST3/BAS will list in a
"CHR$(34)"pretty-printing"CHR$(34)" format any
BASIC program. The program must be on disk in
normal format (i.e., not in ASCII format).
16 PR INT
• PRINT"This program modifies the BASIC
interpreter by replacing the 0CT$ function by
PEEK, and the NAME function by POKE. Re-enterinj
BASIC from TRSDOS READY will restore normal
BASIC operation.
20 ON ERROR GOTO 1150
CLOSE
0PEN"D" , 2 , "DOCLIST3/BAS"
ON ERROR GOTO
CLOSE
30 GOSUB 5000
50 PRINT@960, "Loading reserved words...";
51 X = 10323
Y =
C =
DEF USR6 = VARPTR(US(32))
REM peek routine starts at element 32 of
US()52 C = USR6(X)
IF C > 127 THEN PRINT@992 ,Y ,RW$(Y) ,
Y = Y + l
IF Y > 128 THEN 55 ELSE RW$(Y) = CHR$(C AND
NOT 128)
: GOTO 54
53 RW$(Y) = RW$(Y)+CHR$(C)
54 X = X+l
: GOTO 52
55 RW$(13) = RW$(13)+" " :
REM make "IF" 4 characters
56 RW$(2) = RW$(2)+" " :
REM make "FOR" 4 characters
100 GOSUB 1000
110 GOSUB 1100
120 GOSUB 1200
130 CLS
: PRINT PN$
140 GOSUB 2100
150 PN = 1
: GOSUB 3000
long
long
"5 if INSTR(OP$,"P") - THEN LPRINT STRING$(2 12)
171 IF INSTR(0P$,"D") THEN PRINT#2 ,STRING$(255 ,0)
180 CLOSE
: PRINT"Press "ZZ"<Fl>"ZY" for another run,
"ZZ"<F2>"ZY" to end..."
A$ = INPUT$(1)
IF A$ = CHR$(D THEN CLS
GOTO 100 ELSE IF A$ = CHR$(2) THEN PRINT
TAB(130) "Thanks"
: END
: ELSE 180
1000 REM Initialize simple variables
1010 C =
P =
BP =
PC =
LN$ = ""
VB =
NF =
FF =
NT =
FX$ = ""
QF =
11 = 5
12 = 5
FL! =0
TL! = 65536
RN = 1
1020 RETURN
1100 REM Enter program name, open and field program
file
1110 PRINT@320,ZX "What is the name of the program to
be listed ? ";
1111 LINEINPUT PN$
1112 ON ERROR GOTO 1140
CLOSE
OPEN"I",l,PN$
CLOSE
0PEN"D",1 ,PN$
ON ERROR GOTO
1115 J =
: DEFUSR6 = VARPTR(US(0))
: REM poke routine starts at element of US()
and is fed Addr.Byte. If reassembling, note that
USR6 address (2B36) is specifically referenced
in the routine
1120 FIELD 1,128 AS B$(0),127 AS B$(l)
: J = USR6(VARPTR(B$(1))) OR USR6(128)
1130 RETURN
1140 IF ERR = 54 THEN RESUME NEXT ELSE GOSUB 1150
: RESUME 1100
1150 REM Handling errors resulting from opening
program files
1151 PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
IF ERR = 53 THEN PRINT "File not found' ELSE
IF ERR = 52 THEN PRINT "Bad file number -
re-entering BASIC with -F:2"
: CLOSE
: SYSTEM"BASIC D0CLIST3/BAS -F:2" ELSE
PRINT"Error "ZZ;ERR;ZY" in Line "ZZ;ERL;ZY
1152 PRINT"Press any key...";A$ = INPUT$(1)
: RETURN
1200 REM Select options
1205 CLS
: PRINT@(2,27),CHR$(26)" "PN$" "CHR$(25)
1210 PRINT@400,ZZ"R"ZY" Line number
range";TAB(40)ZZ"W"ZY" Page width <>
80";TAB(160)ZZ"S"ZY" Stop after each
page";TAB(40)ZZ"D"ZY" Output to
disk";TAB(160)ZZ"H"ZY" Special page
heading" ;TAB(40)ZZ"P"ZY" No output to printer
1215 PRINT STRlNG$(2,13)"Type (in any order) the
letters corresponding to the options you want,
32 TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
1220
1230
1231
1232
1240
1241
1242
1250
1251
1260
1261
1262
1270
2000
2010
2020
2100
2110
2120
2200
2210
2220
3000
3010
3020
3030
3100
3110
3115
3120
3125
3130
3140
3150
3160
3200
3210
3211
3212
3220
3230
if any, and "ZZ"<£NTER>"ZY
: PRINT
LINEINPUT 0P$
IF INSTR(OP$,"R") = THEN 1240 ELSE
PRINT@1280,CHR$(24);
INPUT"From line ";FL!
INPUT" To line ";TL!
IF INSTR(OP$,"D") = THEN 1250 ELSE
PRINT@1440,CHR$(24);
LINEINPUT"Output disk file name: ";A$
: IF A$ = PN$ THEN PRINT® 1491 ."Cannot use "PN$
: GOTO 1241
OPEN "0",2,A$
IF INSTR(OP$,"W") = THEN 1260 ELSE
PRINT<ai520,ZX;
INPUT"page width ";PW
IF INSTR(OP$,"H") = THEN 1270 ELSE
PRINT(§1600,ZX
PRINT"Enter the page heading (up
to"PW"characters):"
: LINEINPUT PH$
PH$ = SPACE$((PW-LEN(PH$))\2)+PH$
RETURN
REM Get next byte from disk file - return as C%
P = P+l
IF P < 129 THEN 2020 ELSE P = 1
BP = BP+1
IF BP < 2 THEN 2020 ELSE BP =
GOSUB 2100
C = ASC(MID$(B$(BP),P))
: RETURN
REM Get next record from disk file
GET 1,RN
: RN = RN+1
RETURN
REM Get next 2 bytes from disk file - return as
A!
GOSUB 2000
PC = C
GOSUB 2000
A! = CVI(CHR$(PC)+CHR$(C))
IF A! < THEN A! = 65536+A!
RETURN
REM Prepare printer
IF INSTR(OP$,"P") THEN RETURN
PW$ = "FORMS W = "+STR$(PW)
: SYSTEM PW$
J =
: DEFUSR6 = VARPTR(US(42))
: J = USR6(0)
: REM routine starting at element 42 of US()
will set line count to zero
REM Print page heading
IF INSTR(OP$,"P") THEN RETURN
ON ERROR GOTO 3160
ZS = STRING$((PW-35-LEN(PN$))\2,32)
: LPRINT CHR$(34)PN$CHR$(34)ZS FNDT$ZS"page"PN
ON ERROR GOTO
IF INSTR(OP$,"H") THEN LPRINT PH$
LPRINT STRING$(PW,"=")
: LPRINT" "
PN = PN+1
: RETURN
PRINT"Error"ZZ;ERR;ZY"in line"ZZ;ERL;ZY". Are
you sure the printer is ready?"
: ZQ = INPUT$(1)
: RESUME 3020
REM Print a line of text
PRINT LN$
IF INSTR(OP$,"P") = THEN LPRINT LN$;
: GOSUB 4400
IF INSTR(OP$,"D") THEN PRINT#2,LN$;
IF INSTR(" 128 138 139 143 158 165 171 183
",STRS(VB)) = OR (PC <> 58 AND C <> 0) THEN
3240
IF FF + NF = THEN 3235 ELSE NT = NT+1
3231 IF INSTR(OP$,"P") = THEN LPRINT"
"STRING$(PW-LEN(LN$)-2,".") ;
: GOSUB 4400
3232 IF INSTR(OP$,"D") THEN PRINT#2,"
"STRING$(PW-LEN(LN$)-2 ,".");
3233 IF (C = 0) AND (NT/2 <> INT(NT/2)) THEN 3235
ELSE 3240
3235 IF INSTR(OP$,"P") = THEN LPRINT" "
: GOSUB 4400
: LPRINT STRING$(PW-1,"-");
: GOSUB 4400
3236 IF INSTR(OP$,"D") THEN PRINT#2," "
: PRINT#2,STRING$(PW-1,"-");
3240 IF INSTR(OP$,"P") = THEN LPRINT" "
: GOSUB 4400
3241 IF INSTR(OP$,' , D") THEN PRINT#2," "
3250 LN$ = STRING$(6+NF+FF," ")
: RETURN
3300 REM Test on print- line length - print if filled
3310 IF LEN(LN$)+6 < PW THEN RETURN ELSE GOSUB 3200
: RETURN
4000 REM Process the text
4010 GOSUB 2200
: IF A! = THEN 4040
4020 GOSUB 2200
: IF A! < FL! THEN PRINT A!
: GOSUB 4300
: GOTO 4010 ELSE IF A! > TL! THEN 4040
4030 GOSUB 4100
: GOSUB 3200
: GOTO 4010
4040 FF =
NF =
C = 1
GOSUB 3200
RETURN
4100 REM Process a line
4110 QF =
FF =
FX$ = ""
C =
VB =
NT =
4120 LN$ = RIGHT$(" "+STR$(A! ) , 5)+"
"+STRING$(NF," ")
4130 PC = C
: GOSUB 2000
: IF C = THEN RETURN
4135 IF C = 146 THEN GOSUB 3200
MID$(LN$,LEN(LN$)-4,4) = "ELSE"
VB = 138
IF FX$ = "ELSE" THEN LN$ = MID$(LN$ , 1 1 + 1 )
FF = (FF-I1)*-(IK=FF)
GOTO 4130 ELSE FX$ = "ELSE"
GOTO 4130
4140 IF PC = 58 AND QF = AND VB <> THEN GOSUB
3200
4150 IF C > 127 THEN 4180
4160 IF C = 34 THEN QF = NOT QF
4161 IF (C =10 AND QF = 0) OR (C = 32 AND QF = 0)
THEN 4130
4162 IF C = 10 THEN GOSUB 3200
: GOTO 4130
4170 LN$ = LN$+CHR$(C)
: GOSUB 3300
: GOTO 4130
4180 REM Process reserved word
4182 IF C = 199 THEN GOSUB 3200
: MID$(LN$,LEN(LN$)-4,4) = "THEN"
: VB = 138
: GOTO 4130
4184 IF C = 132 AND FX$ = "" THEN
MID$(LN$,LEN(LN$)-4,4) = "NEXT"
: NF = (NF-I2)*-(I2<=NF)
: GOTO 4130
4186 IF C = 140 THEN FF = FF + II
: NT = NT+1
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
33
: FX$ = "IF"
4188 IF C = 129 THEN NF = NF+I2
4190 IF C = 144 THEN QF = -2
IF PC = 58 THEN MID$(LN$ ,LEN(LN$) , 1 )=" '"
GOSUB 3300
. GOTO 4130
4200 IF RIGHT$(LN$,1) <> " " THEN LN$ = LN$+" "
4201 LN$ = LN$+RW$(C-127)+" "
: GOSUB 3300
4210 IF C = 138 AND VB = 157 THEN VB = -1
: GOTO 4130 ELSE VB = C
: GOTO 4130
4300 REM Read to end of text line - ignoring contents
4310 GOSUB 2000
: IF C = THEN RETURN
4320 P = INSTR(P,B$(BP),CHR$(0))
IF P > THEN C =
RETURN ELSE P = 128
GOTO 4310
4400 REM End of page routine
4401 DEFUSR6 = VARPTR(US(37 ) )
: J = USR6C0)
: REM routine starting at element 37 of USOwill
return in J the # of lines printed since last
top-of-form
4402 IF J <> THEN RETURN ELSE IF INSTR(OP$ , "S")
THEN PRINT
: PRINT"Press "ZZ"Fl"ZY" to continue, "ZZ"F2"ZY"
to stop. . . "
A$ = INPUT$(1)
IF A$ = CHR$(2) THEN CLOSE
END ELSE IF A$ <> CHR$(1) THEN 4402
4403 GOSUB 3100
: RETURN
5000 REM Magic array for peeking, poking, counting
number of lines since last top-of-page on the
printer, setting this count to zero
5010 FOR X = TO 45
: READ US(X)
: NEXT
5020 DATA 24013, -8892, 13866, -8917, 12405, 29917,
-8911, 2356
5021 DATA 13533, -8951, 3124, 13533, -8948, 2430,
12294, -8816
5022 DATA 12102, 10384, -14079, 14045, 12297, 14045,
12556, 1048
5023 DATA 11264, 65, 28381, -8912, 12646, 32477,
30514, 201
5024 DATA 24013, 28228, 38, 31427, 68, 24382, 6, 9935
5025 DATA -15616, 17530, 24382, 1, -12541, 201
5030 RETURN ^
A Tribute to Columbia
Arnold E. van Beverhoudt, Jr.
P.O. Box 56
St. Thomas, V.I. 00801
In November 1982, the space shuttle began its opera-
tional flights, opening up space for practical use. The space
shuttle is a great achievement of which I, as an American and
a supporter of NASA and the space program, am proud. My
program is a tribute to the men and women of NASA
and to the space shuttle, particularly the first one to fly,
"Columbia." The program also shows the kind of detailed
graphics that are possible on the "low resolution" Models I
and III. A Tribute to Columbia also includes a screen
print routine which shows off the capabilities of the
Line Printer VII.
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
VAN BEVERHOUDT, JR.
I am the proud owner of a 48K Model I with one disk and
an LP VII. The good old Model I has stood up great to almost
three years of daily use by my wife, my 5-year old daughter,
and myself. It is an important practical, educational, and
recreational part of our household.
The BASIC program, as shown, requires 32K to run.
However, 1 6K users can have the graphic displays by delet-
ing the narrative descriptions in lines 350-1 150, the screen-
print routine in lines 39999-50000, the GOSUB 40000 in lines
295, 325, 345, and all REM statements.
10 REM ***********************************
***** A TRIBUTE TO 'COLUMBIA' *****
************ (1982) BY ************
** ARNOLD E. VAN BEVERHOUDT, JR. **
***********************************
REM ***** INITIALIZATION ROUTINES *****
CLEAR 500
DIMH$(15)
CLS
PRINT CHR$(23)
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT TAB(5);"A TRIBUTE TO 'COLUMBIA'"
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT TAB(15);"BY"
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT TAB(2); "ARNOLD E.
: FOR T = 1 TO 1000
• NEXT T
H$(l) = CHR$(131) + CHR$(179) + CHR$(159)
: H$(2) = STRING$(2,140) + CHR$(143)
H$(3) = CHR$(131) + CHR$(179) + CHR$(159)
: H$(4) = CHR$(143) + CHR$(141) + CHR$(140)
H$(5) = CHR$(142) + CHR$(191)
: H$(6) = CHR$(128) + CHR$(143)
H$(7) = CHR$(191) + STRING$(4,128) + CHR$(131) +
CHR$(191) + CHR$(131) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(191) +
STRING$(3,179) + CHR$(131) + CHR$(128) +
STRING$(2,131) + CHR$(191) + STRING$(2 , 131 ) +
CHR$(128) + STRING$(3,176) _ nN
H$(8) = CHR$(143) + STRING$(3,140) + CHR$(128) +
CHR$(140) + CHR$(143) + CHR$(140) + CHR$(128) +
CHR$(143) + STRING$(7,128) + CHR$(143)
H$(9) = CHR$(191) + STRING$(3,131) + CHR$(191) +
CHR$(128) + CHR$(191) + STRING$(3, 179) +
CHR$(131) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(191) +
STRING$(3,179) + CHR$(131)
H$(10) = CHR$(143) + STRING$(3,140) + CHR$(143) +
CHR$(128) + CHR$(143) + STRING$(5 , 128) +
CHR$(143)
H$(ll) = STRING$(6,149) + STRING$(3 , 128) +
STRING$(6,170)
H$(12) = STRING$(2,131) + CHR$(191) +
STRING$(2,131) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(191) +
STRING$(3,131) + CHR$(191) + CHR$(128) +
CHR$(191) + STRING$(3,128) + CHR$(191) +
CHR$(128) + CHR$(191) + STRING$(4 , 131 ) +
CHR$(128) + CHR$(191) + STRING$(3 , 176) +
CHR$(191) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(191)
H$(13) = CHR$(131) + CHR$(139) + CHR$(180) +
CHR$(128) + CHR$(19D + STRING$(3 , 131 ) +
CHR$(191) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(191) + CHR$(128) +
CHR$(188) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(191) + CHR$(128) +
STRING$(2,191) + CHR$(176) + CHR$(128) +
CHR$(191) + STRING$(2,128) + CHR$(191)
H$(14) = CHR$(143) + STRING$(3,128) * CHR$(143) +
STRING$(3,140) + CHR$(143) + CHR$(128) +
CHR$(143) + STRING$(3,140) + CHR$(143) +
190
200
210
220
230
240
34
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
CHR$(128) + CHR$(143) + STRING$(4 , 140) +
CHR$(128) + CHR$(143) + STRING$(3, 128) +
CHR$(143) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(143) + CHR$(140) +
CHR$(142) + CHR$(129)
250 H$(15) = CHR$(128) + CHR$(143) + STRING$( 3 , 140 ) -
CHR$(143) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(143) + CHR$(131) +
CHR$(128) + CHR$(131) + CHR$(143) + CHR$(128) +
CHR$(143) + CHR$(128) + CHR$(131) +
STRING$(2,143) + STRING$(2 , 128) + CHR$(140)
255 REM ***** PRINT GRAPHICS ROUTINES *****
260 RESTORE
CLS
FOR T = 15360 TO 16383
READ G
POKE T,G
NEXT T
FOR T = 1 TO 1500
NEXT T
270 PRINT@67,H$(1);
PRINT<ai31,H$(2);
FOR T = 1 TO 500
NEXT T
PRINT@200,H$(3);
PRINT@264,H$(4);
280 FOR T = 1 TO 500
NEXT T
PRINT@333,H$(5);
PRINT@397,H$(6);
FOR T = 1 TO 500
NEXT T
290 PRINT@513,H$(7);
PRINT@577,H$(8);
PR1NT@644,H$(9);
PRINT@708,H$(10);
FOR T = 1 TO 1000
NEXT T
295 FOR T = 1 TO 1000
: GOSUB 40000
: NEXT T
300 FOR T = TO 14
: PRINT@0 + 64 * T, STRINGS(25 , 128) ;
: NEXT T
310 PRINTL3960,"";
FOR T = 1 TO 10
PRINT TAB(33);H$(11)
FOR TT = 1 TO 100
NEXT TT
NEXT T
FOR T =1 TO 20
PRINT
FOR TT = 1 TO 100
NEXT TT
NEXT T
320 FOR T = 15360 TO 16383
READ G
POKE T,G
NEXT T
PRINT@30,"» IN ORBIT «";
325 FOR T = 1 TO 1000
: GOSUB 40000
: NEXT T
330 CLS
FOR T = 15360 TO 16383
READ G
POKE T,G
NEXT T
FOR T = 1 TO 1000
NEXT T
340 PRINT@69,H$(12);H$(13);
: PRINT@135,H$(14);H$(15);
345 FOR T = 1 TO 1000
: GOSUB 40000
: NEXT T
350 REM ***** PRINT NARRATIVE ROUTINE *****
360 CLS
: PRINTTAB(16) ;"*** A TRIBUTE TO 'COLUMBIA' ***"
: PRINT
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
PRINT"THIS SHORT GRAPHIC PROGRAM IS A TRIBUTE TO
N.A.S.A. AND THE"
PRINT"SPACE SHUTTLE - IN PARTICULAR THE
'COLUMBIA', THE FIRST SHUTTLE"
PRINT" TO FLY."
: PRINT
PRINT'THE OBJECTIVES OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM
ARE : "
PRINT"- TO ESTABLISH A NATIONAL SPACE
TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM THAT"
PRINT" WILL SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE THE COST OF
SPACE OPERATIONS."
PRINT"- TO PROVIDE A CAPABILITY TO SUPPORT A WIDE
RANGE OF SCIENTIFIC"
PRINT" APPLICATIONS & COMMERCIAL, DEFENSE, &
INTERNATIONAL USES."
PRINT
: PRINT"THE SPACE SHUTTLE IS COMPOSED OF THREE
BASIC ELEMENTS:"
PRINT TAB(5);"- THE SHUTTLE ORBITER (122 FT. LONG
- 78 FT. WINGSPAN)"
PRINTTAB(5);"~ AN EXTERNAL FUEL TANK (1.6 MILLION
LBS. CAPACITY)"
PRINTTAB(5);"~ TWO SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS (2.6
MILLION LBS. THRUST EACH)";
: GOSUB 50000
CLS
: PRINT"THE SPACE SHUTTLE IS THE WORLD'S FIRST
REUSABLE SPACECRAFT."
PRINT" IT IS LAUNCHED INTO SPACE AS A CONVENTIONAL
ROCKET, AND RETURNS"
PRINT"TO EARTH AND LANDS LIKE AN AIRPLANE. DURING
REGULAR FLIGHTS,"
PRINT"THE SHUTTLE WILL BE LAUNCHED FROM THE SAME
LAUNCH PADS AT THE"
PRINT"KENNEDY SPACE CENTER IN FLORIDA THAT
LAUNCHED THE APOLLO SPACE-"
PRINT"CRAFTS, AND IT WILL LAND ON A 3-MILE LONE
CONCRETE RUNWAY AT"
PRINT"THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER. SOME MILITARY
FLIGHTS OF THE SPACE"
PRINT"SHUTTLE WILL BEGIN AND END AT A NEW SPACE
CENTER AT VANDENBERG"
PRINT"AIR FORCE BASE IN CALIFORNIA. THE
VANDENBERG LAUNCH SITE WILL"
PRINT"ALLOW FLIGHT INTO ORBITS WITH A HIGHER
INCLINATION THAN KENNEDY"
PRINT"SPACE CENTER LAUNCHES."
: PRINT
PRINT"IN ITS CARGO BAY, THE SHUTTLE CAN CARRY
PAYLOADS OF UP TO"
PRINT"65,000 LBS. AND 60 FT. LONG. A
REMOTE-CONTROLLED ARM IN THE"
PRINT"CARGO BAY WILL BE USED TO REMOVE AND
REPLACE SATELLITES AND"
PRINT"OTHER EXPERIMENT PACKAGES TAKEN INTO
SPACE.";
: GOSUB 50000
CLS
: PRINT"ON SOME MISSIONS OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE,
IT WILL CARRY A SPACE"
PRINT"LABORATORY, SIMILAR TO SKYLAB , IN ITS CARGO
BAY. THIS LAB IS"
PRINT"BUILT BY THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
(E.S.A.), AND CREWS OF UP TO"
PRINT"SIX ASTRONAUTS (AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN) WILL
CARRY OUT EXPERI-"
PRINT"MENTS FOR UP TO TWO WEEKS IN DURATION."
: PRINT
PRINT"THE SPACE SHUTTLE WILL ALSO BE USED TO
CARRY MANY SCIENTIFIC,"
PRINT"DEFENSE, COMMUNICATIONS, AND WEATHER
SATELLITES INTO ORBIT."
PRINT"IT WILL ALSO RETRIEVE BROKEN SATELLITES AND
BRING THEM BACK TO"
PRINT"EARTH FOR REPAIR AND RE-LAUNCH."
: PRINT
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
35
730 PRINT"IN ALL, THERE WILL BE FIVE SPACE SHUTTLES
BUILT:"
740 PRINT"' ENTERPRISE' — USED FOR LANDING TESTS;
WILL NOT GO INTO SPACE"
750 PRINT" 'COLUMBIA' ~ THE FIRST SHUTTLE TO
ACTUALLY FLY IN SPACE"
760 PRINT 1 " CHALLENGER' 'DISCOVERY'
' ATLANTIS * " ;
: GOSUB 50000
770 CLS
: PRINT TAB( 20); "SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHT LOG"
: PRINT
780 PRINT"** ENTERPRISE **"
: PRINT
790 PRINT" 6/18/77 FIRST MANNED FLIGHT ATTACHED TO
THE TOP OF A 747"
800 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS FRED HAISE & GORDON
FULLERTON"
810 PRINT" 6/28/7 7 SECOND MANNED FLIGHT ATTACHED TO
THE TOP OF A 747"
820 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS JOE ENGLE & RICHARD
TRULY"
: PRINT _ A
830 PRINT" 8/12/77 FIRST MANNED FREE FLIGHT TO A
LANDING AT EDWARDS AFB"
840 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS FRED HAISE & GORDON
FULLERTON"
850 PRINT" 8/30/7 7 SECOND MANNED FREE FLIGHT TO A
LANDING AT EDWARDS AFB"
860 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS JOE ENGLE & RICHARD
TRULY"
870 PRINT" 9/16/77 THIRD MANNED FREE FLIGHT TO A
LANDING AT EDWARDS AFB"
880 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS FRED HAISE & GORDON
FULLERTON" ;
: GOSUB 50000
89 CLS PRINT TAB(20);"SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHT LOG"
PRINT
PRINT"** ENTERPRISE ** (CONT'D)"
PRINT
900 PRINT"10/13/77 FOURTH MANNED FREE FLIGHT TO A
LANDING AT EDWARDS AFB"
910 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS JOE ENGLE & RICHARD
TRULY"
920 PRINT" 10/26/7 7 LAST MANNED FREE FLIGHT TO A
LANDING AT EDWARDS AFB"
930 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS FRED HAISE & GORDON
FULLERTON"
940 PRINT
: PRINT
: PRINT"THE 'ENTERPRISE' WAS LATER USED IN
STRESS AND VIBRATION TESTS";
: GOSUB 50000
950 CLS
: PRINTTAB( 20); "SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHT LOG'
: PRINT
960 PRINT"** COLUMBIA **"
• PRINT
970 PRINT" 4/12/81 STS-1 FIRST ORBITAL TEST - NO
PAYLOAD"
980 PRINT" 2 DAYS 6 HRS. 22 MIN. - 36
ORBITS"
990 PRINT" LANDED AT EDWARDS AFB, CA"
1000 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS JOHN YOUNG & ROBERT
CRIPPEN"
• PRINT
1010 PRINT-11/12/81 STS-2 SECOND ORBITAL TEST -
OSTA-1 EXPERIMENTS"
1020 PRINT" 2 DAYS 6 HRS. 13 MIN. - 36
ORBITS"
1030 PRINT" LANDED 2 DAYS EARLY AT EDWARDS
AFB, CA"
1040 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS JOE ENGLE & RICHARD
TRULY";
: GOSUB 50000
1050 CLS
: PRINT TAB( 20); "SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHT LOG
• PRINT
1060 PRINT"** COLUMBIA ** (CONT'D)"
: PRINT
1070 PRINT" 3/22/82 STS-3 THIRD ORBITAL TEST -
OSS-1 EXPERIMENTS"
1080 PRINT" 8 DAYS 4 MIN. - 159 ORBITS'
1090 PRINT" LANDED 1 DAY LATE AT WHITE SANDS
MISSILE RANGE, NM"
1100 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS JACK LOUSMA & GORDON
FULLERTON"
. PRINT
1110 PRINT" 6/27/82 STS-4 LAST ORBITAL TEST - DOD
82-1 EXPERIMENTS"
1120 PRINT" 7 DAYS 1 HR. 9 MIN. - 112
ORBITS"
1130 PRINT" LANDED ON CONCRETE RUNWAY AT
EDWARDS AFB, CA"
1140 PRINT" ASTRONAUTS TOM MATTINGLY & HENRY
HARTSFIELD" ;
: GOSUB 50000
1150 CLS
PRINT CHR$(23)
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT TAB(6);"MORE FLIGHTS TO COME"
1160 FOR T = 1 TO 1500
: NEXT T
: GOTO 260
10000 REM *****
10010 DATA 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
10015 DATA 152,
128, 128,
128, 128,
10020 DATA 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 160,
10025 DATA 190,
128, 128,
128, 128,
10030 DATA 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
160, 133,
LIFT-OFF
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128
166, 17 2
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
166
191, 170
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
191
GRAPHICS *****
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
, 153, 164, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
, 191, 189, 153
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128
, 128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
, 144, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128
, 128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
128, 128,
36
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
10035 DATA 191, 191
144, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10040 DATA 128,128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
185, 149, 191
10045 DATA 191, 191
182, 164, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10050 DATA 128, 128
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
129, 129, 191
10055 DATa 191, 191
191, 170, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10060 DATA 128, 128
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
191, 149, 130
10065 DATA 175, 191
191, 170, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10070 DATA 128, 128
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
175, 191
10075 DATA 138, 191.
191, 170, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10080 DATA 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
191, 170, 191
10085 DATA 128, 191,
191, 170, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10090 DATA 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
170,191,191,170
10095 DATA 128, 170,
191, 170, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10100 DATA 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
191, 170, 191
10105 DATA 128, 128,
191, 170, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10110 DATA 128,128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
191, 170, 191
10115 DATA 170, 191,
191, 170, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10120 DATA 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128,
128, 160, 140,
143, 170, 191
10125 DATA 170, 191,
191, 170, 128,
128, 128, 128,
10130 DATA 128, 128,
, 170, 191, 191, 191, 138, 153,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 152,
, 170, 191, 191, 167, 190, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 170, 154,
, 170, 191, 191, 170, 191, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 152, 137, 143,
, 170, 191, 191, 170, 191, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,128 ;
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 150, 142, 139, 139, 142,
, 170, 191, 191, 170, 191, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 149, 191, 170, 191,
170, 191, 191, 170, 191, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 149, 191,
i,191
170, 191, 191, 170, 191, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 149, 191, 170, 191,
170, 191, 191, 170, 191, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 176, 133, 191, 170, 191,
180, 147, 143, 170, 181, 186,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
179, 188, 149, 143, 138, 143,
191, 191, 189, 180, 139, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128 ,128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
160, 133, 143, 175, 143, 185, 191, 170, 191,
191, 149, 191
10135 DATA 130, 179, 163, 179, 179, 179, 128, 187
191, 170, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
10140 DATA 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
154, 178, 147, 164, 185, 148, 151, 140, 188,
164, 177, 175
10145 DATA 189, 163, 140, 140, 172, 168, 191, 191,
191, 170, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
10150 DATA 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
149, 167, 178, 153, 140, 140, 174, 165, 176,
177, 176, 177
10155 DATA 172, 129, 128, 128, 154, 178, 176, 176,
176, 154, 144, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
10160 DATA 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
130, 129, 128, 128, 128, 128, 133, 147, 147,
147, 147, 147
10165 DATA 145, 133, 128, 138, 162, 163, 163, 163,
163, 163, 138, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
20000 REM ***** in ORBIT GRAPHICS *****
20010 DATA 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 188,
176, 144, 128, 128, 128, 128, 129, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128
20015 DATA 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
20020 DATA 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 188, 176, 128, 186, 135, 131,
131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
143, 188, 176
20025 DATA 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 129, 160, 176, 176,
176, 176, 176, 176, 128, 128, 128, 128, 129
20030 DATA 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 159,
143, 179, 179, 179, 188, 179, 143, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 188, 188, 176,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 129, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 131
20035 DATA 143, 188, 176, 128, 128, 128, 129, 128,
176, 140, 179, 147, 179, 163, 177, 140, 188,
188, 184, 140, 172, 147, 137, 140, 164, 128
20040 DATA 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
180, 131, 188, 182, 143, 191, 191, 188, 179,
143, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 189, 188, 176, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 176, 176
20045 DATA 140, 140, 131, 143, 188, 176, 140, 142,
135, 168, 191, 191, 191, 191, 159, 133, 176,
191, 191, 188, 143, 143, 129, 128, 160, 133
20050 DATA 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 181, 138, 191, 191, 176, 143, 191, 191,
191, 176, 143, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 132, 140, 179, 179,
179, 188, 188
20055 DATA 191, 191, 143, 143, 176, 179, 188, 191,
189, 188, 140, 176, 176, 188, 188, 180, 139,
191, 191, 149, 128, 128, 160, 140, 129, 128
20060 DATA 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 189, 146, 175, 191, 143, 128, 175,
191, 191, 191, 188, 179, 143, 191, 191, 143,
179, 179, 188, 188, 188, 191, 191, 143, 143,
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
37
179, 179, 179
20065 DATA 188, 188
188, 188, 191,
140, 167, 153,
20070 DATA 191, 191
191, 159, 135,
191, 143, 143,
179, 143, 143,
143, 143, 179
20075 DATA 179 , 188
143, 179, 179,
131, 129, 128,
20080 DATA 179, 179
129, 142, 129,
188, 147, 163,
191, 191, 149,
191, 191, 191
20085 DATA 191, 143
191, 191, 191,
128, 128, 128,
20090 DATA 188, 188
143, 191, 180,
148, 136, 140,
191, 191, 149,
179, 179, 188
20095 DATA 188, 191
191, 191, 129,
129, 128, 128,
20100 DATA 188, 182
128, 128, 136,
179, 155,143,
143, 133, 170,
191, 170
20105 DATA 149,
191, 191,
128, 128,
20110 DATA 191,
128, 128,
143, 143,
179, 131,
191, 191,
20115 DATA 177,
191, 191,
128, 128,
20120 DATA 191,
140, 172,
191, 191,
188, 191,
143, 191,
20125 DATA 191
191, 191,
128, 128,
20130 DATA 191
191, 189,
179, 185,
143, 191,
188, 188,
20135 DATA 179
191, 191,
128, 128,
20140 DATA 191
191, 191,
191, 191,
191, 188,
143, 143,
20145 DATA 191
143, 143,
180, 128,
20150 DATA 191
191, 191,
191, 191,
191, 191,
191, 191,
20155 DATA 188
188, 191,
191, 189,
191, 143, 143, 179, 179, 179
191, 191, 143, 143, 179, 177,
140, 134, 129, 128, 128, 128
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191
145, 128, 140, 143, 143, 143,
179, 179, 188, 188, 188, 179,
179 1 188, 188, 188, 191, 191,
20160 DATA 191,191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
, 188, 191, 191, 191, 191
188, 188, 191, 143, 179,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
, 179, 179, 179, 179, 179, 147,
128, 128, 130, 175, 191, 191,
139, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
138, 143, 179, 179, 188 ;
, 143,
140,
II
143, 179, 179, 188, 188, 191,
' 143, 167, 153, 134, 129, 128,
L28, 128, 129, 128, 128, 128
, 188, 179, 179, 179, 179, 147,
128, 128. 128, 178, 179, 179,
140, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
170, 188, 179, 155, 143, 143,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
' 150, 129, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
179, 147, 131, 185, 156, 128,
'l88, 140, 128, 128, 130, 179,
128, 191, 191, 191, 191, 143, 143,
191, 143, 179, 188, 191, 191,
191
128,
128,
191
128,
179,
131,
178
191
128,
128,
191,
191,
191,
191,
191
, 191,
128,
128,
,191,
188,
188,
191,
188
, 179 ;
128,
128,
, 191
191,
191,
188,
191
, 190
176,
128,
, 191
191,
191,
191,
188
, 188
191,
180,
163, 179, 191, 143, 143, 191,
149, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 129, 128, 128
191. 191, 191, 188, 143, 128,
133, 128, 128, 128, 128, 138,
176, 179, 179, 140, 140, 179,
188, 188, 191, 191, 191, 191,
140, 132. 191, 162, 145, 191,
177, 128, 128, 128, 129, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
191, 191, 191, 191, 182, 143,
191, 188, 176, 128, 128, 184,
143, 179, 188, 191, 143, 131,
188, 188, 188, 179, 179, 143,
, 191, 191, 191, 190, 189, 191
191, 191, 180, 144, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191
188, 182, 179, 179, 179, 179,
191, 191, 191, 17 6, 143, 143,
191, 191, 191, 143, 135, 179,
143, 143, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 180, 144,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
188, 179, 176, 179, 179, 143,
, 191, 191, 188, 188, 179, 179
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
128, 129, 128, 128, 128, 128
, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191 , 191, 191,
179, 179, 179, 179, 143, 179
' 191 , 191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
191, 191, 191
20165 DATA 191, 191, 191
191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 1
191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
191, 191, 191, 191, 191,
89, 144, 128, 128, 128, 128
30000 REM ***** TOUCHDOWN
30010 DATA 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128
30015 DATA 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
30020 DATA 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128
30025 DATA 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128,128,128,128,128,
30030 DATA 128. 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128
30035 DATA 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
30040 DATA 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128
30045 DATA 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
30050 DATA 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128
30055 DATA 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
DATA 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128
GRAPHICS *****
128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
, 128,
128,
128,
128,
, 128,
128,
128
, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128 .
128, 128, 128, 128,
128,128,128,128,128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
TRS-
licrocomputer News, June 1983
30065 DATA 12£
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128,
176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176 176
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176^
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128
176, 178, 188, 188, 188, 177, 176, 176, 176,
30070 DATA 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128,
176, 176, 178
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
30165 DATA 188, 188, 188, 177, 176, 176, 176 176
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176,'
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176
128, 128,
128
39999 REM ***** SCREEN-PRINT ROUTINE *****
3007 5 DATA 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128,
40000 PRINT@55, "<P>RINT";
128, 128,
160,
152,
140,
140,
140,
140,
164,
: IF INKEY$ = "P" THEN GOTO 40010 ELSE RETURN
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128
40010 FOR X = TO 127
30080 DATA 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128,
: RESET(X.0)
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
: RESET(X,47)
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
: NEXT X
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
40020 FOR Y = TO 47
128, 128,
128
: RESET(0,Y)
30085 DATA 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 160,
: RESET(127,Y)
152, 166,
185,
190,
191,
167,
179,
143,
185,
NEXT Y
129, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128
40030 POKE 16424,66
30090 DATA 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128,
: POKE 16425,1
128, 128,
128,
176,
176,
176,
176,
176,
176,
40040 FOR Y = TO 47
176, 176,
176,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
40050 LPRINT CHR$(30) ;TAB(10) ;
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
40060 FOR X = TO 127
128, 128,
128
40070 IF POINT(X,Y) » -1 THEN LPRINT
30095 DATA 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 160
, 152
, 166
, 185,
CHR$(18);CHR$(28);CHR$(3
190, 191,
143,
179,
188,
191,
167,
134,
128,
40080 NEXT X
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128
: LPRINT CHR$(13);
30100 DATA 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 160,
: NEXT Y
140, 140,
179,
140,
160,
188,
140,
176,
188,
40090 LPRINT CHR$(30);
188, 188,
188,
179,
179,
179,
179,
179,
140,
: LPRINT CHR$(11)
140, 140,
140,
140,
140,
176,
176,
176,
176,
40100 RETURN
176, 176,
128
50000 Z$ = INKEY$
30105 DATA 128
, 176
, 152
, 166
, 185
, 190
, 191
, 191,
IF Z$ = "" THEN PRINT@1022, ">";
159, 137,
175,
191,
159,
185,
129,
128,
128,
FOR T = 1 TO 50
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128
NEXT T
30110 DATA 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 128
, 152
, 134
, 129,
PRINT@1022, " ";
143, 143,
179,
147,
191,
128,
143,
143,
143,
FOR T = 1 TO 50
143, 191,
191,
191,
191,
191,
191,
191,
191,
NEXT T
191, 191,
191,
191,
191,
188,
188,
188,
188,
GOTO 50000 ELSE RETURN J3
188, 188,
131
30115 DATA 179
, 176
, 178
, 179
, 147
, 163
, 179
, 179,
131, 131,
129,
128,
136,
172,
137,
140,
144,
^^ . j0^n ■
128, 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128
Computer Clubs
30120 DATA 128
, 128
128
128
128
137
144
128,
^^^^i ■ ik^%* »V'H WIUMM
128, 128,
141,
133,
143,
143,
143,
191,
191,
189, 188,
179, 179,
188,
179,
188,
179,
188,
147,
188,
143,
180,
143,
179,
143,
179,
143,
NUTMEG POCKET COMPUTER GUILD
135, 180,
139
c/o Len Smith
30125 DATA 191
191
191
191
189
150
188
180,
3 Barn Hill Rd.
139, 143,
132,
128,
128,
160,
191,
191,
170,
Bloomfield, CT 06002
128, 128,
30130 DATA 128
128,
128
128,
128
128,
128
128,
128
128,
128
128,
130
128
131,
1-203-242-9515
172, 133,
176, 176,
175,
176,
140,
176,
140,
128,
140,
128,
140,
128,
140,
131,
176,
179,
QUAD CITY COCO CLUB
c/o John Greve
179, 179,
179,
143,
143,
143,
191,
191,
191,
191, 191,
191
4211 Seventh Ave.
30135 DATA 188
188
188
148
140
176
179
179,
Rock Island, IL 61201
132, 128,
130,
171,
132,
131,
131,
136,
141,
1-309-786-8187
140, 140,
140,
140,
176,
176,
128,
128,
128
30140 DATA 128
128, 131,
128
129,
128,
128,
128
128,
128
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
TUG-DC/TRS-80 USER'S GROUP OF DELAWARE
COUNTY
c/o Gary Diillio
128, 128,
128,
128,
131,
131,
171,
130,
131,
143, 143,
143,
143,
143,
143,
140,
188,
188,
179, 179,
143
1109 Madison Ave.
30145 DATA 131,
179,
179,
177,
155,
188,
188,
188,
Prospect Park, PA 1 9076
177, 176,
176,
180,
172,
188,
188,
146,
143,
143, 143,
143,
143,
140,
140,
153,
128,
128
TUSCARAWAS COUNTY PERSONAL COMPUTER CLUB
30150 DATA 128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
128,
c/o Robert D. Hobart
128, 128,
128, 128,
140, 176,
128,
128,
136,
128,
128,
133,
128,
128,
143,
128,
128,
147,
128,
130,
131,
128,
140,
140,
128,
140,
140,
231 Fifth Drive NW
New Philadelphia, OH 44663
140, 140,
30155 DATA 140,
140, 140,
172
132,
140,
140,
140,
156,
140,
140,
140,
140,
140,
140,
134,
140,
131,
VECTECH COMPCLUB
c/o Sal War man n
131, 131,
131,
131,
131,
131,
128,
128,
128
15362 Fairlane Dr.
30160 DATA 176,
176,
176,
176,
176,
176,
176,
176,
Livonia, Ml 48154 ^|
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
39
Hydrate
James W. Wood
424 N. Missouri
Atwood, IL 61913
Chemistry teachers will appreciate this program.
"Hydrate" allows your student to perform a °/o composition
lab on a high resolution screen. The student will measure the
mass of an empty crucible, a crucible with hydrate, and the
crucible with the dehydrated chemical. Figure 1 is a screen of
Figure 1. Triple beam balance.
the triple beam balance used to measure mass. Each run of
the program will provide a different answer, thus the student
cannot memorize the answer or pass it along to another
student. This lab should not be used to replace a chemical
lab, but to supplement the actual lab experience. This pro-
gram is written for the Extended Color BASIC computer.
1 'JAMES W. WOOD, 424
2 W$(0)="D9R4U9L4"
N. MISSOURI, ATWOOD, IL, 61913
3 M(l)
W$(l) = "D9"
W$(2) = "R4D4L4D5R4"
W$(3) = "R4D4L4R4D5L4"
W$(4) = "D4R4U4D9"
W$(5) = "R4L4D4R4D5L4"
W$(6) = "D9R4U4L4"
W$(7) = "R4D9"
. W$(8) = "R4D4L4U4D9R4U5"
W$(9) = "D4R4U4L4R4D9"
= 100+RND(25)
M(2) i= 20+RNDU5)
M(3) = 40+RND(15)
CLS
PRINT "% COMPOSITION LAB"
PRINT "FIND % WATER IN HYDRATE"
INPUT "NAME";NA$
4 CLS
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT"TO MOVE--
PRINT
: PRINT" 10 GRAM
PRINT "100 GRAM
PRINT "1 GRAM
PRINT "
PRINT "PRESS 'ENTER'
INSTRUCTIONS FOR BALANCE"
-USE"
Q,W"
A,S"
Z,X"
< >"
TO CONTINUE"
PRINT "AFTER USING SCALES."
10 PRINT
• PRINT
: PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"
11 A$ = INKEY$
: IF A$ = ""THEN 11
20 CLS
PRINT "FIRST FIND THE MASS OF CRUCIBLE.
PRINT
PRINT "YOU WILL WANT TO RECORD ALL"
PRINT "MEASUREMENTS AS THEY ARE MADE."
PRINT
21 PRINT
: PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"
: M = M(l)
22 A$ = INKEY$
: IFA$ = "" THEN22
25 GOSUB 2000
: GOSUB1000
100 CLS
PRINT NA$
PRINT
PRINT "NOW MEASURE MASS OF CRUCIBLE
PRINT "AND THE HYDRATE."
PRINT
PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"
101 M = M(l)+M(2)+M(3)
102 A$ = INKEY$
: IF A$ = ""THEN 102
105 GOSUB 2000
: GOSUB 3000
: GOSUB 1000
200 CLS
PRINT NA$
PRINT "TIME TO HEAT THE CHEMICAL."
PRINT "YOU MUST WAIT FOR THE CHEMICAL"
PRINT "TO HEAT AND COOL PROPERLY."
PRINT "WATCH THE CHEMICAL TURN COLOR"
PRINT "AS THE HYDRATED WATER ESCAPES."
201 PRINT
: PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"
202 A$ = INKEY$
: IFA$ = "" THEN 202
205 GOSUB 2000
: GOSUB 3000
210 COLOR 4,1
: LINE(40,110)-(50,180),PSET,BF
212 LINE(10 5 180)-(80,185),PSET,BF
220 COLOR 3,1
: LINE(40,110)-(45,92),PSET
: LINE-(50,110),PSET
: LINE-(40,110),PSET
: PAINT(45,99),3,3
230 FOR CC = 1 TO 1000
: PSET(30+RND(31),81+RND(6),2)
: NEXT CC
235 COLOR 1,1
LINE(40,90)-(50,110),PSET,BF
FOR TI = 1 TO 1500
NEXT TI
300 CLS
PRINT NA$
PRINT
PRINT "FIND MASS OF CRUCIBLE AND THE"
PRINT "DEHYDRATED CHEMICAL."
PRINT
PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"
301 A$ = INKEY$
: IF A$ = ""THEN 301
302 GOSUB 2000
COLOR 2,1
LINE(32,82)-(61,87.,PSET,BF
M = M(l)+M(3)
GOSUB 1000
400 PRINT NA$
: PRINT
: PRINT "NOW TO CALCULATE''
40
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
410 PRINT
: INPUT "MASS OF EM TY CRUCIBLE" ; N( 1)
: IF N(l) <> Mfl) THEN PRINT "FUNNY, I GOT";M(l)
ELSE PRINT "CORRECT"
420 INPUT "MASS OF CRUCIBLE AND HYDRATE" ; N( 2)
: IF N(2) <> M(1)+M(2AM(3) THEN PRINT "STRANGE,
IT SHOULD BE";M(1)+M(2)+M(3) ELSE PRINT
"CORRECT"
430 PRINT "MASS OF CRUCIBLE AND CHEMICAL"
: INPUT "AFTER HEATING" ;N( 3)
: IF N(3) <> M(1)4M(3) THEN PRINT "TOO BAD,
ITS";M(1)+M(J) ELSE PRINT "CORRECT"
440 PRINT "THE % WATER WOULD BE EQUAL TO"
PRINT "THE MASS Of WATER DIVIDED BY"
PRINT "M\SS OF THE ORIGINAL CHEMICAL"
PRINT "TIMES 100."
450 INPUT "WHAT IS THE MASS OF WATER" ;MW
460 IF MW = M(2) THEN PRINT "CORRECT"
: GOTO 475
470 PRINT "TRY MASS DISH WITH ORIGINAL"
PRINT "CHEMICAL MINUS MASS DISH WITH"
PRINT "DEHYDRATED CHEMICAL."
INPUT "TRY AGAIN, MASS WATER" ;MW
IF MW <> M(2) THEN PRINT "IT IS";M(2) ELSE
PRINT "NOW YOU'RE CORRECT ";NA$
475 INPUT "MASS ORIGINAL CHEMICAL" ;OC
480 IF OC = M(2)+M(3) THEN PRINT "CORRECT"
: GOTO 500
490 PRINT "TRY SUBTRACTING MASS OF EMPTY"
PRINT "CRUCIBLE FROM MASS OF CRUCIBLE"
PRINT "WITH ORIGINAL CHEMICAL."
INPUT "AGAIN, ORIGINAL CHEMICAL" ;OC
IF OC <> M(2)+M(3) THEN PRINT "IT
IS";M(2)+M(3) ELSE PRINT "NOW YOU'RE CORRECT
";NA$
500 INPUT "WHAT IS THE % WATER" ;PW
510 IF ABS(PW-100*M(2)/(M(2)+M(3))) > 1 THEN PRINT
"TRY ";M(2);"*100/";M(2)+M(3)
: GOTO 515 ELSE PRINT "WE MADE IT! ";NA$
: GOTO 520
515 INPUT "% WATER" ; PW
516 IF ABS(PW-100*M(2)/(M(2)+M(3))) > 1 THEN PRINT
"ACTUALLY IT IS" ; 100*M(2)/(M(2 )+M(3) ) ; "%" ELSE
PRINT "NOW YOU'RE CORRECT"
520 PRINT "ANOTHER LAB (Y/N)
530 A$ = INKEY$
: IF A$ = "Y" THEN RUN ELSE IF A$ = "N" THEN END
ELSE 530
540 PRINT "GOODBYE ";NA$
900 STOP
Ql =
Al =
Zl -
COLOR 4,1
1010 DRAW"BM6,90R80D10L35D20R45U30R134D42R5L5D36L134U
24L45D30R195U60R7D70L230U15R10U70L27U8"
1020 LINE( 246 , 131 )-(250 , 131 ) ,PSET
1030 LINE( 100 , 120 )- (225 , 122) ,PSET, BF
1040 LINE(100 , 144)-(225 , 146) ,PSET, BF
1050 DRAW"BM110,152XW$(0);"
1060 DRAW"BM122,152XW$(1);"
1070 DRAW"BM134,152XW$(2);"
1080 DRAW"BM146,152XW$(3);"
1090 DRAW"BM158,152XW$(4);"
1100 DRAW"BM170,152XW$(5);"
1110 DRAW"BM182,152XW$(6);"
1120 DRAW"BM194,152XW$(7);"
1130 DRAW"BM206,152XW$(8);"
1140 DRAW"BM218,152XW$(9);"
1150 DRAW"BM120,126XW$(0);"
1160 DRAW"BM152,126XW$(1);"
1170 DRAW"BM158,126XW$(0);"
1180 DRAW"BM166,126XW$(0);"
1190 DRAW"BM182,126XW$(2);"
1200 DRAW"BM190,126XW$(0);"
1210 DRAW"BM198,126XW$(0);"
1220 FORX = 110TO218STEP12
1230 LINE(X,107)-(X+4,114),PSET,B
: NEXTX
1240 DRAW"BM122,95XW$(1);
1250 DRAW"BM134,95XW$(2)|
1260 DRAW"BM146,95XW$(3):
1270 DRAW"BM158,95XW$(4)
1280 DRAW"BM170,95XW$(5)
1290 DRAW"BM182,95XW$(6)
1300 DRAW"BM194,95XW$(7)
1310 DRAW"BM206,95XW$(8);
1320 DRAW"BM218,95XW$(9)
1330 Bl = 107
B2 = 117
B3 = 93
B4 = 124
B5 = 150
CI = 107
1340 LINE(B1,B3)-(B1+9,B3+25),PSET,B
1350 LINE(B2,B4)-(B2+30,B4+14),PSET,B
1360 LINE(B1,B5)-(B1+9,B5+14),PSET,B
1370 LINE(235,131)-(245,122),PSET
1380 A$ = INKEY$
: IF A$ = ""THEN 1380
1390 IF ASC(A$) = 13 THEN RETURN
1400 IF A$ = "Q"THEN Ql = Ql-1
: IF Ql < THEN Ql = ELSE
LINE(Bl,B3)-(Bl+9,B3+25), PRESET, B
Bl = Bl-12
LINE(B1,B3)-(B1+9,B3+25),PSET,B
GOTO 1470
1410 IF A$ = "W" THEN Ql = Ql+1
: IF Ql > 9 THEN Ql = 9 ELSE
LINE(B1 ,B3)-(Bl+9 ,B3+25) , PRESET, B
Bl = Bl+12
LINE(B1,B3)-(B1+9,B3+25),PSET,B
GOTO 1470
1420 IF A$ = "A" THEN Al = Al-1
: IF Al < THEN Al = ELSE
LINE(B2,B4)-(B2+30,B4+14), PRESET, B
B2 = B2-30
LINE(B2,B4)-(B2+30,B4+14),PSET,B
GOTO 1470
1430 IF A$ = "S" THEN Al = Al+1
: IF Al > 2 THEN Al = 2 ELSE
LINE(B2,B4)-(B2+30,B4+14), PRESET, B
B2 = B2+30
LINE(B2,B4)-(B2+30,B4+14),PSET,B
GOTO 1470,
1440 IF A$ = "Z" THENZ1 = Zl-1
: IF Zl < THEN Zl = ELSE
LINE(C1,B5)-(C1+9,B5+14), PRESET, B
CI = Cl-12
LINE(C1,B5)~(CH-9,B5 + 14),PSET,B
GOTO 1470
1450 IF A$ = "X" THEN Zl = Zl+1
: IF Zl > 9 THEN Zl = 9 ELSE
LINE(C1,B5)-(C1+9,B5+14), PRESET, B
CI = Cl+12
LINE(C1,B5)-(C1+9,B5+14),PSET,B
GOTO 1470
1460 GOTO 1380
1470 IF M > Q1*10+A1*100+Z1 THEN
LINE(235,131)~(245,122),PSET
LINE( 235, 131 )-(245, 131), PRESET
LINE(235 , 131 )-(245 , 140) , PRESET
GOTO 1380
1480 IF Q1*10+A1*100+Z1 = M THEN
LINE( 235,1 31 )-(245, 122), PRESET
LINE(235,131)-(245,131),PSET
LINE( 235, 131 )~(245, 140), PRESET
GOTO 1380
1490 IF Q1*10+A1*100+Z1>M THEN
LINE(235, 131)- (245, 122), PRESET
: LINE(235,131)-(245, 131), PRESET
: LINE(235,131)-(245,140),PSET
: GOTO 1380
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
41
2000 PMODE 3,1
: PCLS
: SCREEN 1,0
2010 COLOR 2,1
LINE(20,70)-(30,88),PSET
LINE-(60,88),PSET
LINE-(70,70),PSET
LINE-(20,70),PSET
CIRCLE (45, 65), 5
2050 RETURN
3000 COLOR 3,1
: LINE(32,82)-(61,87),PSET,BF
3050 RETURN
Lettering on the Color
Computer
Ronald T. Graff
212 Sandy Lane Apt 104D
Warwick, Rl 02889
This program draws nice neat letters in small (up to 21
characters per line), medium (up to 10 characters per line),
and large (up to 5 characters per line) sizes on the Extended
BASIC Color Computer.
CLS
: DIM A$(95)
: GOSUB 1000
1 CLS
: PRINT "DO YOU WANT (1) SMALL (2) MEDIUM (3)
LARGE"
: INPUT CH
2 IF CH = 1 THEN Y = -16
YY = 16
XX = 12
S = 1 ELSE IF CH = 2 THEN Y = -32
YY = 32
XX = 24
S = 2 ELSE IF CH = 3 THEN Y = -64
YY = 64
XX = 48
S = 4 ELSE 1
3 IF CH = 1 THEN CLS
: PRINT "ENTER NEXT LINE (21 CHARACTERS)" ELSE
IF CH = 2 THEN CLS
: PRINT "ENTER NEXT LINE (10 CHARACTERS)" ELSE
IF CH = 3 THEN CLS
: PRINT "ENTER NEXT LINE (5 CHARACTERS)"
4 A$ = ""
f LINE INPUT A$
: CLS
5 IF A$ = "" GOTO 3
10 PMODE 4,1
: SCREEN 1,0
20 COLOR 0,1
: IF Y = -YY THEN PCLS
30 Y = Y+YY
: P =
: FOR X = TO (LEN(A$)-1 )*XX STEP XX
40 XY$ = "S"+STR$(S)+"BM"+STR$(X)+","+STR$(Y)
50 P = P+l
: N = ASC(MID$(A$,P,D)
60 DRAW XY$+A$(N)
70 NEXT
80 A$ = INKEY$
: IF A$ = CHR$(13) THEN 3 ELSE IF A$ = CHR$(12)
THEN 1 ELSE 80
1000 A$(33) = "BR16R8D40L8U40BD48R8D8L8U8"
1010 A$(34) = "BR8R8D24L8U24BR16R8D24L8U24"
1020 A$(35) = "BR8R8D16R8U16R8D16R8D8L8D8R8D8L8
D16L8U16L8D16L8U16L8U8R8U8L8U8R8U16BD24BR8
R8D8L8U8"
1030 A$(36) = "BR16R8D8R16D8L16D8R8F8D8G8L8D8L8
U8L16U8R16U8L8H8U8E8R8U8BD16D8H4E4BD16BR8
F4G4U8"
1040 A$(37) = "R16D16L16U16BD4BR40G40D8E40U8BD36
BL16R16D16L16U16"
1050 A$(38) = "BR8R8F8D16G4F8E4R8D8G4F4D8L8H4G4
L16H8U16E4H4U16E8BD8BR4F4D8G4H4U8E4BD24F12G4
L8H4U8E4"
1060 A$(39) = "BR16R8D24L8U24"
1070 A$(40) = "BR16R8G16D24F16L8H16U24E16"
1080 A$(41) = "BR16R8F16D24G16L8E16U24H16"
1090 A$(42) = "BR16R8D16E8R8D8G12F12D8L8H8D16L8
U16G8L8U8E12H12U8R8F8U16"
1100 A$(43) = "BD24R16U16R8D16R16D8L16D16L8U16L16U8'
1110 A$(44) = "BD32BR16R8D16G8L8E8U16"
1120 A$(45) = "BD24R40D8L40U8"
1130 A$(46) = "BD48BR16R8D8L8U8"
1140 A$(47) = "BD4BR40D8G40U8E40"
1150 A$(48) - "BR8R24F8D40G8L24H8U40E8BD8BR4R16
F4G24U24E4BD12BR20D24G4L16H4E24"
1160 A$(49) = "BR16R8D48R8D8L24U8R8U32L8U8E8"
1170 A$(50) = "BR8R24F8D8G32R32D8L40U8E32U4H4L16
G4D4L8U8E8"
1180 A$(51) = "BR8R24F8D16G4F4D16G8L24H8U8R8D4F4
R16E4U8H4L8U8R8E4U8H4L16G4D4L8U8E8"
1190 A$(52) = "BR24R8D32R8D8L8D16L8U16L24U16E24
BD8D24L16U8E16"
1200 A$(53) = "R40D8L32D8R24F8D24G8L24H8U8R8D4F4
R16E4U16H4L28U24"
1210 A$(54) = "BR8R24F8D8L8U4H4L16G4D12R24F8D16
G8L24H8U40E8BD32R20F4D8G4L16H4U12"
1220 A$(55) = "R40D8G32D16L8U16E32L32U8"
1230 A$(56) = "BR8R24F8D16G4F4D16G8L24H8U16E4H4
U16E8BD8BR4R16F4D8G4L16H4U8E4BD24R16F4D8G4
L16H4U8E4"
1240 A$(57) = "BR8R24F8D40G8L24H8U8R8D4F4R16E4
U12L24H8U16E8BD8BR4R16F4D12L20H4U8E4"
1250 A$(58) = "BD16BR16R8D8L8U8BD16R8D8L8U8"
1260 A$(59) = "BD16BR16R8D8L8U8BD16R8D16G8L8E8U16"
1270 A$(60) = "BR34D8G20F20D8H28E28"
1280 A$(61) = "BD16R40D8L40U8BD16R40D8L40U8"
1290 A$(62) = "BR6F28G28U8E20H20U8"
1300 A$(63) = "BR8R24F8D8G16D8L8U8E16U4H4L16G4D4
L8U8E8BD48BR8R8D8L8U8"
1310 A$(64) = "BR8R24F8D24G8L16U24R8D8R8U12H4L16
G4D32F4R28D8L32H8U40E8"
1320 A$(65) = "BR16R8F16D40L8U24L24D24L8U40E16BD8
BR4F12D4L24U4E12"
1330 A$(66) = "R32F8D16G4F4D16G8L32U56BF8R20F4D8
G4L20U16BD24R20F4D8G4L20U16"
1340 A$(67) = "BR8R24F8D8L8U4H4L16G4D32F4R16E4U4
R8D8G8L24H8U40E8"
1350 A$(68) = "R32F8D40G8L32U56BF8R20F4D32G4L20U40
1360 A$(69) = "R40D8L32D16R24D8L24D16R32D8L40U56"
1370 A$(70) = "R40D8L32D16R24D8L24D24L8U56"
1380 A$(71) = "BR8R24F8D8L8U4H4L16G4D32F4R16E4U4
L8U8R16D16G8L24H8U40E8"
1390 A$(72) = "R8D24R24U24R8D56L8U24L24D24L8U56"
1400 A$(73) = "BR8R24D8L8D40R8D8L24U8R8U40L8U8"
1410 A$(74) = "BR32R8D48G8L24H8U8R8D4F4R16E4U44"
R8D24E24R8G28F28L8H24D24L8U56"
R8D48R32D8L40U56"
R8D12F12E12U12R8D56L8U36G12H12
1420 A$(75) =
1430 A$(76) =
1440 A$(77) =
D36L8U56"
1450 A$(78) =
1460 A$(79) =
R8D12F24U36R8D56L8U12H24D36L8U56"
BR8R24F8D40G8L24H8U40E8BD8BR4R16
F4D32G4L16H4U32E4"
1470 A$(80) = "R32F8D16G8L24D24L8U56BF8R20F4D8
G4L20U16"
1480 A$(81) = "BR8R24F8D36G4F4G4H4G4L20H8U40E8B
D8BR4R16F4D32H4G4F4L16H4U32E4"
1490 A$(82) = "R32F8D16G8L16F24L8H24D24L8U56BF8
R20F4D8G4L20U16"
42
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
1500 A$(83) = "BR8R24F8D8L8U4H4L16G4D8F4R20F8D16
G8L24H8U8R8D4F4R16E4U8H4L20H8U16E8"
1510 A$(84) = "R40D8L16D48L8U48L16U8"
1520 A$(85) = "R8D44F4R16E4U44R8D48G8L24H8U48"
1530 A$(86) = "R8D36F12E12U36R8D40G16L8H16U40"
1540 A$(87) = "R8D36E12F12U36R8D56L8U12H12G12
D12L8U56"
1550 A$(88) = "R8D12F12E12U12R8D16G12F12D16L8U12
H12G12D12L8U16E12H12U16"
1560 A$(89) = "R8D12F12E12U12R8D16G16D24L8U24H16U16'
1570 A$(90) = "R40D12G32D4R32D8L40U12E32U4L32U8"
1580 A$(91) = "R40D8L24D40R24D8L40U56"
1590 A$(92) = "BD4F40D8H40U8"
1600 A$(93) = "R40D56L40U8R24U40L24U8"
1610 A$(94) = "BD34E20F20D8H20G20U8"
1620 A$(95) = "BD48R40D8L40U8"
1999 RETURN
SHALL LETT!
crp
d_b
CJI3
Howard C. Price
R.R. 2, Box 84
Warsaw, IN 46580
This program can be used to vary the printouts using the
Color Computer and the CGP-115 Color Graphics printer
10 CLS
15 PRINT" CHARACTERS PER HNE=80/ (SIZE + 1 )
20 INPUT"TYPE SIZE";N
25 PRINT"THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CHARACTERS AND SPACES
YOU CAN TYPE PER LINE IS " ; INT( 80/ (N+l ) )
30 PRINT#-2, CHR$(18)
40 PRINT#~2,"S";STR$(N)
50 LINE INPUT"TYPE OR REPEAT(#) ";A$
51 IF A$= "#" THEN 74 ELSE 60
60 PRINT#-2,"P";AS
64 PRINT*- 2,CHR$( 17)
66 FOR T = 1 TO 292
: NEXT T
67 C$ = INKEY$
68 IF C$ = """ THEN GOSUB 90 ELSE 71
71 PRINT#-2,CHR$(18)
72 LINE INPUT"TYPE OR REPEAT(#) ";B$
7 3 IF B$ = "#" THEN 60 ELSE 74
74 PRINT#-2,"P";B$
75 PRINT#~2,CHR$(17)
76 FOR T = 1 TO 292
: NEXT T
77 C$ = INKEY$
78 IF C$ = """ THEN GOSUB 90 ELSE 30
80 GOTO 30
90 PRINT#-2,CHR$(18)
95 PRINT"LINE FEED IS" ; (N + l )*12
100 INPUT"HOW MUCH ROLL BACK(MAX=900 )" ;M
110 PRINT#~2,"R0,";STR$(M)
120 INPUT"TYPE OR ROLL BACK, T OR R";F$
130 IF F$ = "R" THEN 100 ELSE RETURN M
Charles Robert Kelly II
P.O. Box 1862
Rolla, MO 65401
This program is one I have written over the past several
months. The program will draw any of the sine/cosine/
tangent graphs.
The program is also capable of producing a hard copy
on a line-printer. For example, the use of the Line-Printer VII
with the TRS-80 Extended BASIC Color Computer requires
the use of the Screen Print Program available from
Radio Shack. In addition the program requires a 16K mem-
ory as it uses almost 5K.
Instructions for the operation of the program are in-
cluded in the program.
10 CLEAR 500
P =
B$ = ""
A$ = ""
C$ = ""
FUNC =
20 CLS
: DATA 195, "SINE/COSINE/TANGENT GRAPH BY CHARLES
ROBERT KELLY II MAY 10, 1982"40 DATA 203,"
CAUTION THIS PROGRAM REQUIRES THE USE OF THE
SCREEN PRINT PROGRAM"
50 CLS
FOR WW = 1 TO 2
READ QQ,K$
FOR J = 1 TO LEN(K$)
51 PRINTS QQ,LEFT$(K$,J)
52 FOR KK = 1 TO 3
: NEXT
53 NEXT
: FOR SS = 1 TO 1500
: NEXT
: CLS
: NEXT
60 GOSUB 990
70 CLS
: PRINT"WILL YOU WANT A HARD COPY OF ANY OF THE
GRAPHS YOU WILL BE CREATING? (Y/N)"
80 L$ = INKEY$
90 IF L$ = "Y" THEN GOTO 1100
100 IF L$ = "N" THEN A$ = "N"
'N M THEN GOTO170
"' THEN GOTO 80
110 IF L$
120 IF L$
130 P =
B$ = ""
A$ = ""
C$ = '""
FUNC =
140 DEFUSR0 = 15785
150 P =
: PRINT"WILL YOU WANT A PRINT OF THIS GRAPH (Y
OR N)? n
: C$ = "'«
160 A$ = INKEY$
170 IF A$ = "Y" THEN P = 1
180 IF A$ = "N" THEN P = 2
190 IF P = THEN GOTO 160
200 FOR X = 1 TO 100
: NEXT X
210 CLS
: PRINT"PLEASE ENTER THE NAME OF THE FUNCTION
YOU WISH TO VIEW. (SINE , COSINE, TANGENT)"
: C$ = ""
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
43
220 B$ = INKEY$
230 IF B$ = "S" THEN C$ = "SINE"
240 IF B$ = "C" THEN C$ = "COSINE"
250 IF B$ = "T" THEN C$ = "TANGENT"
260 IF C$ = "" THEN 220
270 IF C$ = "SINE" THEN FUNC = 1
280 IF C$ = "COSINE" THEN FUNC = 2
290 IF C$ = "TANGENT" THEN FUNC = 3
300 CLS
: INPUT "ENTER THE DENSITY YOU WANT THE GRAPH
PRINTED. THE LOWER THE NUMBER, THE GREATER THE
DENSITY. (HIT THE ENTER KEY)";DEN
310 CLS
: INPUT"ENTER THE AMPLITUDE YOU WANT FOR THE
GRAPH (-3 TO 3)";AMP
320 IF AMP<-3 THEN GOTO 310
330 IF AMP> 3 THEN GOTO 310
340 CLS
: INPUT"ENTER THE FREQUENCY THAT YOU WANT ON THE
GRAPH. HIT THE ENTER KEY."; FREQ
350 CLS
: PRINT@192,"THE SCREEN WHICH IS SHOWN HAS THE X
AND Y SCALES DIVIDED INTO 1/2 UNITS."
360 FOR X = 1 TO 1000
: NEXT X
370 PMODE 4,1
380 PCLS
390 SCREEN 1,1
400 GOSUB 870
410 GOSUB 930
420 LINE (127,5)~(127,185),PSET
430 LINE(7,95)-(247,95),PSET
440 GOSUB 840
450 IF FREQ = THEN FREQ = 1
460 IF AMP = THEN AMP = 1
470 IF DEN = THEN DEN = 1
480 FOR X = -180 TO 180 STEP DEN
490 AX = (X/57. 29578 )*FREQ*6
500 XP = X/l. 5+127
510 ON FUNC GOTO 540,520,560
520 Fl = -(COS(AX)*30*AMP)+95
530 GOTO 590
540 Fl = -(SIN(AX)*30*AMP)+95
550 GOTO 590
560 Fl = -(TAN(AX)*30*AMP)+95
570 IF Fl > 186 THEN 600
580 IF Fl < 5 THEN 600
590 PSET(XP,F1 ,3)
600 NEXT X
610 IF P <> 1 THEN 730
620 PRINT #-2,CHR$(26)
630 PRINT #-2,C$;" GRAPH";
640 PRINT #-2," FREQUENCY ";FREQ;
650 PRINT #-2," AMPLITUDE ";AMP;
660 PRINT #-2," DENSITY ";DEN
670 FOR X = 1 TO 3
f PRINT #-2,CHR$(26)
: NEXT X
680 POKE 16303,0
690 Y = USR(0)
700 FOR XX = 1 TO 10
710 PRINT#-2,CHR$(26)
720 NEXT XX
730 GOSUB 10000
735 K$ = INKEY$
740 IF K$ = ""THEN735
750 C ^ S PRINT"D0 YOU HAVE ANOTHER GRAPH TO DRAW?
(Y/N)"
760 J$ = INKEY$
770 FOR X = 1TO 100
: NEXT X
780 IF J$ = "Y" GOTO 790 ELSE 810
790 IF L$ = "N" GOTO 210
800 IF J$ = "Y" GOTO 150
810 IF J$ = "N" THEN GOTO 830
820 GOTO 760
830 CLS
: END
840 LINE(0,0)-(254,190),PSET,B
850 LINE(2,2)-(252,188),PSET,B
855 LINE(8,183)-(81,167),PS£T,B
860 RETURN
870 FOR X = 7 TO 247 STEP 20
880 FOR Y = 92 TO 98
890 PSET(X,Y)
900 NEXT Y
910 NEXT X
920 RETURN
930 FOR Y =
940 FOR X =
5 TO 195 STEP 15
124 TO 130
950 PSET(X,Y)
960 NEXT X
970 NEXT Y
980 RETURN
990 DATA"THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO DRAW A GRAPH OF
YOUR DESIGN ON THE VIDEO SCREEN. IN ADDITION IF
YOU WISH, THE PROGRAM WILL COPY THE GRAPH ONTO A
LINE PRINTER. THIS PARTICULAR PROGRAM WAS
DESIGNED FOR THE LINE PRINTER VII"
991 CLS
: READ K$
: FOR J - 1 TO LEN(K$)
992 PRINT@0, LEFT$(K$,J)
993 NEXT
1000 GOSUB 2000
1020 DATA 0,"YOU WILL BE ASKED SEVERAL QUESTIONS TO
SET THE PARAMETERS OF THE GRAPH. SOME OF THE
QUESTIONS CAN BE ANSWERED BY THE USE OF ONE
LETTER. IT WILL NOT BE NECESSARY TO HIT THE
'ENTER' KEY AFTER THESE QUESTIONS."
1030 DATA 224,"IF YOU DO NOT ENTER ANY VALUES FOR THE
DENSITY, AMPLITUDE, OR FREQUENCY l(ONE) IS
USED."
1031 CLS
FOR ZZ = 1 TO 2
READ QQ,K$
FOR J = 1 TO LEN(K$)
1032 PRINT@QQ,LEFT$(K$,J)
1033 NEXT
: NEXT
1050 GOSUB 2000
1060 DATA "AFTER THE GRAPH HAS BEEN DRAWN AND AFTER
IT HAS BEEN PRINTED, IF THAT WAS YOUR CHOICE,
ANOTHER GRAPH MAY BE DRAWN. TO RESET THE
SEQUENCE, TOUCH ANY KEY ON THE KEYBOARD EXCEPT
THE 'BREAK' KEY."
1081 CLS
: READ K$
: FOR J = 1 TO LEN(K$)
1082 PRINT@0,LEFT$(K$,J)
1083 NEXT
1084 GOSUB 2000
1090 RETURN
1100 F$ = ""
: PRINT"HAVE YOU ALREADY ENTERED THE SCREEN
PRINT PROGRAM? (Y/N)"
1110 FS = INKEY$
1120 IF F$ = "Y" THEN GOTO 150
1130 IF F$ = "" THEN GOTO 11 10
1140 CLS
: PRINT" PUT THE SCREEN PRINT PROGRAM INTO THE
CASSETTE PLAYER AND PRESS THE PLAY KEY. HIT THE
•ENTER' KEY WHEN YOU ARE READY.": INPUTW
1150 CLEAR 200,15743
1160 CLS
: PRINT"THE SCREEN PRINT PROGRAM IS NOW
LOADING "
1170 CLOADM
1180 EXEC
U 90 CLS „^„ MAV
: PRINT"THE PROGRAM IS NOW LOADED. YOU MAY
REWIND YOUR TAPE AND TAKE IT FROM THE CASSETTE
44
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
PLAYER."
1200 GOTO 130
2000 PRINT@480,"HIT 'ENTER' TO CONTINUE";
: INPUTW
: RETURN
10000 ' LABEL
10040 DRAW"C3;S4;BM-68,+12"
10041 IF C$ = "SINE" THEN AA$ = "SIN-GRAPH"
10042 IF C$ = "COSINE" THEN AA$ = "COS-GRAPH"
10045 IF C$ = "TANGENT" THEN AA$ = "TAN-GRAPH"
10050 GOSUB 13000
10060 RETURN
13000 'CHAR-GEN
13001 FOR XX = 1 TO 9
13002 RESTORE
: LL =
13003 READ LL$,CC$
13004 IF LL$ = MID$(AA$,XX,1) THEN DRAW CC$
: GOTO 13006
13005 LL = LL+1
: IF LL < 18 THEN 1300 3
13006 NEXT
: RETURN
13007 DATA" ","BM+7,0"
13010 DATA"A","U4;E2;F2;D2;NL4;D2;BM+3,0"
13011 DATA"C","BM+1,-0;H1;U4;E1;R2;F1;BM+0,4;G1;L2;
BM+6,0"13012 DATA"G","BM+1,-0;H1;U4;E1;R2;F1;
BM+0,+2;NLl;D2;Gl;L2;BM+6,0"
1301 3 DATA"H" , "U3 ; NU3 ; R4 ; NU3 ; D3 ; BM+3 , 0"
13014 DATA"I","BM+l,0;Rl;NRl;U6;NLl;Rl;BM+4,+6"
13015 DATA"N","U6;Fl;Dl;F2;Dl;Fl;NU6;BM+3,0"
13016 DATA"O","BM+l,0;Hl;U4;El;R2;Fl;D4;Gl;L2;BM+6,0"
13017 DATA"P" , "U6 ; R3; Fl ;Dl ; Gl ;L3 ; BM+7 , 3"
13018 DATA"S","BM+0,-l;Fl;R2;El;Ul;Hl;L2;Hl;Ul;El;R2;
Fl;BM+3,+5"
1 3019 DATA"T" , "BM+2 , +0 ; U6 ; NL2 ; R2; BM+3 , +6"
13020 DATA"-","BM+0,-3;R4;BM+3,+3"
13021 DATA"R","U6;R3;Fl;Dl;Gl;L2;NLl;F3;BM+3,0" JH
agic Square
Robert K. Phelps
143 Forest Park
7800 Tayloe Drive
Manassas, VA 22111
Magic Square is designed for use with the PC-2 with a
printer/plotter attached. If the printer/plotter is not hooked up
to the computer, the plotter commands will be ignored. Start
the program by pressing the (de F ) (space ) keys.
The printing will normally be done using black and red,
but the pens can be switched to get other color combinations.
Also, you can change the COLOR commands in the program
to get different color effects.
4 * 4 MAGIC SQUARE STARTING WITH 100
100
114
113
103
111
105
106
108
107
109
110
104
112
102
101
115
ALL ROWS, COLUMNS, DIAGONALS
ADD TO CONSTANT 430
The magic square is a true magic square. All the rows,
columns, and diagonals add to 430 in the sample square.
Also, the four center squares, or the four corner cells (four
squares making up a "corner") will also add to 430. In fact,
the sum of any symmetrical group of four squares will equal
the constant. In the sample square, the two middle cells in the
top row (114 + 113) can be added to the two middle cells in
the bottom row (102 + 101) to give constant 430 (1 14 + 113
+ 102 + 101 = 430).
This program can be used to compute a magic square
starting with ANY number, but I have decided to limit the
range of starting numbers to 1 - 984 because of practical
considerations. If you choose the number 984 as the starting
number, the computer will develop a square using numbers
in the range 984 - 999. Any starting number greater than 984
causes a rollover effect into four-digit numbers or more. I
have decided to use numbers with three digits or less be-
cause of the limits on paper width. I would have to re-write
most of the program to handle numbers with more than three
digits. I feel the number range 1 - 984 is sufficient for practical
requirements.
The program requests a number in the range 1 - 984.
You type in the number and press the fENTER) key. The
program then causes the printer to draw a diagram with four
rows and four columns. Then the computer does the math
work and enters the numbers in the cells or squares. In the
sample square, I used 100 as the starting number, and the
computer developed a square using numbers in the range
100 - 115. The computers also figured the constant, in this
case 430.
This makes an excellent demonstration program. You
can load the program from tape, press the CD ef ) (space)
keys to start the run and allow anybody to pick a number. You
type in the number, and the computer responds almost im-
mediately by drawing the diagram. This is fun to watch. After
the magic square is finished, it can be torn off and handed out
as a "personal magic square." It is a real intellectual chal-
lenge to determine how many ways numbers can be added
to form the magic constant. The constant will be different for
each starting number. I could set up a program to make a
magic square that would add to a given constant, but this
program would be of interest only to "magic square fiends." I
have tried to develop a program that is of general interest,
and if the reader wants to dig into magic squares, there are
plenty of good books on the subject.
20 " "CLEAR
: PAUSE "4 * 4 MAGIC SQUARE"
: PAUSE "STARTING WITH ANY NUMBER"
30 INPUT "ENTER NUMBER (1-984)=" ;Y
: IF Y>984PAUSE "INVALID ENTRY!"
: GOTO 30
40 TEXT
LF 10
CSIZE 2
COLOR
50 GRAPH
COLOR
CSIZE 2
GLCURS0R (0,0)
SORGN
60 LINE (0,0)-(0,200)~(200,200)-(200,0)-(0,0)
70 LINE (0,0)-(0,150)-(200 J 150)-(200,100)-(0,100)
80 LINE (0,100)-(0,50)-(200 ) 50)-(200 ) 0)-(0,0)
90 LINE (150,0)-(150,200)-U00,200)-(100,0)
100 LINE (100,0)-(50,0)-(50,200)-(0,200)
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
45
110 TEXT
COLOR 3
CSIZE 1
LF -1
USING "####"
120 LPRINT "4 * 4 MAGIC SQUARE STARTING WITH";Y
130 A=Y
B=Y+14
C=Y+13
D=Y+3
E=Y+11
F=Y+5
G=Y+6
H=Y + 8
140 I=Y+7
J=Y+9
K=Y+10
L=Y+4
M=Y+12
N=Y+2
0=Y + 1
P=Y+15
Q=A+B+C+D
150 LF 4
: CSIZE 2
: LPRINT A;B;C;D
160 LF 1
: CSIZE 2
: LPRINT E;F;G;H
170 LF 2
: CSIZE 2
: LPRINT I;J;K;L
180 LF 1
: CSIZE 2
: LPRINT M;N;0;P
190 LF 2
: CSIZE 1
: LPRINT "ALL ROWS, COLUMNS, DIAGONALS"
200 LPRINT "ADD TO CONSTANT" ; USING ",######" ;Q
210 CSIZE 2
COLOR
LF 6
END
Bargraph
Dennis L. Hargens
3004 Linda Drive
Ennis, TX 75119
This program for an Extended Color BASIC Computer
plots a bar graph of data that is entered from the keyboard.
The vertical axis is labeled with the units of the graph and their
exponent. The value of each line increment is also displayed,
although this value must be multiplied by the exponent to
obtain the correct value in relation to the graph. Each plotted
value on the graph is labeled with a one character symbol on
the horizontal axis. The title of the graph is displayed at the
bottom of the graph. The title string can also be used to label
the horizontal axis. The minimum, maximum, average, and
last value are displayed at the bottom of the screen in expo-
nential format.
10 DIM DA(13),LB$(13),UN$(8)
20 CLS
30 PRINT @ 226, "WHAT IS THE GRAPH'S NAME"
40 INPUT NAME$
50 Y=l
60 CLS
70 PRINT @ 135, "WHAT ARE THE UNITS"
80 PRINT @ 202, "OF THE GRAPH?"
90 PRINT @ 263, "PRESS <ENTER> AFTER"
100 PRINT @ 330, "EACH LETTER."
110 PRINT @ 389, "PRESS XX WHEN FINISHED"
120 INPUT UN$(Y)
130 IF UN$(Y)="XX" THEN 160
140 Y=Y+1
150 GOTO 120
160 Y=Y-1
170 CLS
180 PRINT @ 225, "HOW MANY DATA P0INTS( 1-13)'
190 INPUT DP
200 REM DATA ENTRY
210 CLS
220 FOR IN=1T0DP
230 INPUT "DATA POINT =";DA(IN)
240 INPUT "1-CHARACTER LABEL=" ;LB$( IN)
250 SUM=SUM+DA(IN)
260 IF IN=1 THEN 1030
270 IF MAX>DA(IN) THEN 290
280 MAX=DA(IN)
290 IF MIN<DA(IN) THEN 310
300 MIN=DA(IN)
310 NEXT IN
320 AVE=SUM/(IN-1)
330 FAC=21/ (MAX-MI N)
340 REM VERTICAL AXIS EXPONENT
350 CLS(0)
360 VA=MIN
370 IF VA<10 THEN 390
380 VA=VA/10
:DE=DE+1
:GOTO370
IF VA>=1 THEN 410
VA=VA*10
:DE=DE-1
:GOTO 390
POKE 1280,5
IF DE>=0 THEN 450
POKE 1312,45
GOTO 460
POKE 1312,43
EX=ABS(DE)
C0=EX+48
:P0KE 1344, CO
REM LINE INCREMENT VALUES
IC=(MAX-MIN)/10
FOR V0=1 TO 11
CZ=INT(VA)+48
:SP=1347-(VO-l)*32
CO=(VA-INT(VA))*10
: CT=C0
:C0=INT(C0)+48
:CT=(CT-INT(CT))*10
:CT=INT(CT)+48
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
46
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
530 IF V0=1 OR ED=DE THEN 560
540 IF ED-DE>=2 THEN 570
550 POKE SP+1,46
POKE SP+2,CT
POKE SP-1,CZ
POKE SP,CO
GOTO 580
560 POKE SP-1,CZ
.-POKE SP,46
:POKE SP+l,CO
:POKE SP+2,CT
:GOTO580
570 POKE SP+2,46
:POKE SP+1,CT
:POKE SP,CO
:POKE SP-1 ,CZ
580 VA=MIN+VO*IC
:ED=0
590 IF VA<10 THEN 610
600 VA=VA/10
:ED=ED+1
.-GOTO 590
610 IF VA>=1 THEN 630
620 VA=VA*10
:ED=ED-1
:GOTO 610
630 NEXT VO
640 XF=12
:XL=13
650 FOR LI=1376 TO 1407
660 POKE LI, 143
670 NEXT LI
680 REM DATA PLOT ROUTINE
690 FOR PL=1T0DP
700 NU=ASC(LB$(PL))
710 PO=1380+2*PL
720 POKE PO,NU
730 IF DA(PL)=MIN THEN 800
740 GY=INT((DA(PL)-MIN)*FAC)
750 FOR LA=21 TO (21-GY) STEP -1
760 SET(XF,LA,3)
770 SET(XL,LA,3)
780 NEXT LA
790 GOTO820
800 SET(XF,21 ,3)
810 SET(XL,21,3)
820 XF=XF+4
: XL=XL+4
830 NEXT PL
840 REM VERTICAL AXIS LABEL
850 FOR DM=1 TO Y
860 NU=ASC(UNS(DM))
870 PO=992+DM*32
880 POKE PO,NU
890 NEXT DM
900 REM AVERAGE PLOT
910 GAV=21-INT((AVE-MIN)*FAC)
920 FOR AL=14 TO 62 STEP4
930 SET(AL,GAV,4)
940 SET(AL+1,GAV,4)
950 NEXT AL
960 REM DATA LIST
970 PRINT @ 384, NAME$
980 P$="AVE=##.## MAX=##.## "
990 0$="MIN=##.## LST VAL=##.##~""
1000 .PRINT @ 416, USING P$; AVE, MAX
1010 PRINT @ 448, USING 0$;MIN,DA(DP)
1020 GOTO 1020
1030 MIN=DA(1)
1040 GOTO 270
USA Flag for the Color
Computer and MC-10
Calvin C. Epple
P.O. Box 86
Smithsburg, MD 21783
I'm having a ball with my TRS-80 Extended BASIC Color
Computer and greatly appreciate the interesting articles, in-
cluding programs, carried in your magazine. I have devel-
oped some interesting programs, too, and would like to share
one with other readers of the TRS-80 Microcomputer News.
USA Flag is shown on this month's cover.
1 'USA BASIC BY CAL EPPLE 3,13,83
2 'FOR NON-EXTENDED AS WELL AS EXTENDED BASIC COCO'S
10 CLS
20 FOR X = 2 TO 61
: FOR Y =2 TO 27
30 SET (X,Y,4)
: NEXT Y,X
40 FOR X = 2 TO 61
: FOR Y = 4 TO 24 STEP 4
50 SET (X,Y,5)
: NEXT Y,X
60 FOR X = 2 TO 27
: FOR Y = 2 TO 15
70 RESET(X,Y)
: NEXT Y,X
80 FOR X = 4 TO 24 STEP 4
: FOR Y = 4 TO 12 STEP 2
90 SET (X,Y,5)
: NEXT Y,X
100 FOR X = 6 TO 22 STEP 4
: FOR Y = 5 TO 11 STEP 2
110 SET (X,Y,5)
: NEXT Y,X
"AMERICA, THE BEAUTIFUL";
TO 59
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
PRINT@485
FOR X = 1
READ N,L
SOUND N,L
NEXT X
RESTORE
GOTO 180
DATA 147,
.66
147, 18
DATA 133
147, 12
DATA 147
108, 6,
DATA 180
185, 12
DATA 19 3
170, 6,
DATA 185
176, 12
DATA 17 6
147, 6,
DATA 159
176, 12
12,
108,
12,
147,
18,
108,
12,
147,
18,
170,
12,
176,
, 18,
108,
, 12,
125
12,
159
147
6,
147
12
125, 6,
12, 185
185, 12
12
19 3, 6,
12, 176.
170, 12, 159
12
6,
125
12
125,
12
170,
12, 147, 12,
12, 147, 24,
125, 12,
12
193, 12
147, 12, 147, 18,
159, 12, 185, 24,
185,
. 12
18, 159, 6, 159,
147, 12, 147, 12
12, 176, 12, 147
12, 176, 12,
12, 147
176,
12
12
12,
176, 18,
, 176, 24,
176, 18,
12, 185, 12, 176
24,
J3
TRS-80 Microcomputer News, June 1983
47
Radio /haek
TRS-80 Microcomputer News
P.O. Box 291
Fort Worth, Texas 761 1 3-291
FIRST CLASS
U.S. POSTAGE
PAID
Radio Shack
A Dlv. of Tandy Corp
ADDRESS CHANGE
D Remove from list □ Change as shown
Please detach address label and mail to address shown above
TRS-80" Computer Camp
This summer let Radio Shack's qualified instructors introduce your child to the world of computers at a TRS-80 BASIC or a
TRS-80 LOGO Computer Camp. One TRS-80 Color Computer will be available for every two campers to give each participant
the opportunity for hands on experience, No prior computer knowledge is required.
TRS-80 LOGO
Computer Camp
For Ages 8-1 1
The Color LOGO Language
Color LOGO provides unique features that are not found in
any other LOGO language. There's the "doodle" mode and
the fascinating "hatch" command that creates multiple tur-
tles. The result is a LOGO for the TRS-80 Color Computer that
will excite young minds and help them welcome the chal-
lenge of learning.
Computer Concepts for Young People
Radio Shack's Color LOGO is a revolutionary computer
programming language for children. It is designed to help
young minds grasp graphic relationships and develop
problem-solving skills. Through manipulation of "turtle"
graphics, youngsters learn .to write simple programs. By
doing so, the computer becomes a friendly learning tool, and
youngsters gain insight into advanced concepts.
Sessions are Self-Paced . . . And Fun
Each child will progress at his or her own pace under the
guidance of an experienced, professional educator. The cur-
riculum, designed by educators, employs a play-oriented
approach to encourage children to learn and use the
computer.
TRS-80 BASIC
Computer Camp
For Ages 12-15
Computer Concepts for
Young People
Extended Color BASIC is an exciting and powerful pro-
gramming language that youngsters can readily appreciate
Dynamic graphics, music and sound effects, and progres-
sive programming techniques let students write simple
problem-solving programs or create animated games.
Sessions are Structured
And Not Intimidating
The five-day camp will consist of professionally-designed ac-
tivities to keep the pace interesting and challenging.
Extended Color BASIC Language
Each camper will learn to use such BASIC features as
assignment statements, looping, branching, subroutines,
READ/DATA statements, editing, string packing, and more to
create their own programs.
Introduction to LOGO
As an added bonus, each attendee will be introduced to
Radio Shack's Color LOGO programming language. This will
give the campers insight into a second computer language.
I
Radio
Aaaek
COMPUTER
CENTER
Enroll now at your nearby
Radio Shack Computer Center.
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